Ophthalmology and Allied Sciences

The eye is a vital organ as well as an important component of facial expression. The loss of eye has a debilitating effect on the patient's quality of life. Maxillofacial prostheses are artificial replacements that repair and replace stomatognathic and related facial structures. Disfigurement induced by loss of eyecauses severe physical and psychological anguish. Ocular prosthesis is the sole option for replacement of missing eye. For the manufacturing of the same, several materials and processes are employed. Among the various materials, resin has been proved to be the best. Using a stock eye or a customised ocular prosthesis can have advantages and disadvantages. We created a semi-customized ocular prosthesis with stock iris and customised sclera using our clinical report. This prosthesis combined the benefits of both stock and customized ocular prostheses, resulting in a functionally and cosmetically satisfying outcome.
 

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) is a systemic, age-related fibrillopathy characterized by the progressive accumulation of abnormal extracellular material throughout the body, most notably in the ocular tissues. This deposition can lead to a variety of ocular complications, including glaucoma, cataract, and zonular weakness, significantly impacting vision. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of PXS, encompassing its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and current research directions.
 

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis (OOKP) procedures performed in India and assess anatomical retention, visual improvement, and postoperative complications. Methods: A systematic literature search of PubMed, Scopus, IndMed, and Google Scholar was performed up to March 2025. Studies reporting clinical outcomes of OOKP in Indian patients were included. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. Primary outcomes were anatomical retention and improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 217 patients. The most common indications were Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (42%), chemical burns (27%), and mucous membrane pemphigoid (14%). Anatomical retention rates ranged from 70% to 95%. Visual improvement to ≥20/200 was noted in 68%–85% of cases. Major complications included glaucoma (15–33%), laminar resorption (10–25%), and mucosal necrosis (up to 20%). Conclusion: OOKP offers a viable solution for end-stage corneal blindness in Indian patients, yielding favorable visual and anatomical outcomes. High complication rates and limited accessibility necessitate further innovation and policy-level interventions.
 

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the correlation between HbA1C values and severity of disease in diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy. Methods: 47 patients with diabetes were examined at a tertiary center. All of these patients underwent tests like visual acuity, slit lamp examination, dilated fundus examination, blood tests including random blood sugars and HbA1C levels. Duration of the disease and medications taken were also noted for all the patients. Results: In this study, a total of 47 patients were evaluated with a mean age of 57.72 ± 12.42 years. 18 out of 27 patients (66.6%) with HbA1c values more than 10% showed signs of diabetic retinopathy with a mean HbA1c value of 12.5 ± 1.8 %. 4 out of 13 patients (30.7%) with HbA1c values between 6.9% to 10% showed signs of diabetic retinopathy with a mean HbA1c value of 8.7 ± 1.3 %. None of 7 patients with HbA1c values less than 6.9% showed signs of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: Higher levels of HbA1C levels and longer duration of disease are found to be associated with diabetic retinopathy disease.