Journal of Microbiology and Related Research

of tannin and is converted to gallic acid and glucose. Natural tannins occur in various parts of plants such as leaves, roots, bark and fruits. Tannins are distributed in animals, insects and microorganisms. However, microbial tannase is one of the great attention in many industries. Gallic acid is one of the industrial and therapeutic molecules that is widely used in various applications. Tannase is also applicable in feed, pharmaceutical, brewing, chemical and beverage industries. Furthermore, tannase plays a significantly important role in biodegradation or reduction of tannin from the tannery effluent. The present review apprises a brief description of tannase and its industrial applications.

Bluetongue (BT) is an economically important, vector-borne, non-contagious, viral disease of ruminant animals. It is caused by the Bluetongue virus (BTV) and belongs to the genus Orbivirus under the family Reoviridae. The clinical form of the disease is reported in sheep, white-tailed deer, bighorn sheep, etc. The subclinical infections are reported from camelids, cattle, and goats. Due to its high morbidity, mortality, and huge economic loss to the livestock sector, BT is listed as a multispecies disease by World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). The diagnosis of BTV is required for the identification of etiological agents and control of disease which is essential for the international trade of livestock and its products. Some of the diagnostics techniques such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, agar gel immunodiffusion assay are OIE recommended tests for BTV diagnosis at the international level. For BTV control, serological and vector surveillance, vector control, mass vaccination of susceptible animals, etc. are used.

This study aims to show the Indirect effect of SARS Covid-19 on the River water of Ganga flowing in Uttrakhand. The Ganga River has shown a positive sign of quality improvement on many parameters due to the 68 days’ nationwide lockdown tobreak the spreading chain of the Covid-19 pandemic in India. During that time, various types of industrially contaminated water and sewage water flowing by the hotel industry were closed as shown in the Abstract figure. The impact could be seen in reduced Biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total coliform count and faecal coliform count also found in decreased in number compared to previous studies results from the outcome of these collection points (fig. 1). This paper concludes that River can be rejuvenated if the rule made are strictly followed.