International Physiology

This short communication article was aimed to provide an evidence-informed overview and a scoping review of the role of mitochondrial function/dysfunction in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). From the reviewed studies, it is apparently evident that mitochondria played a comprehensive role not only in predisposing oxidative stress but also in programmed cell death or apoptosis in DPN.

Keywords: Mitochondrial function; Oxidative stress; Pathophysiology; Diabetic neuropathy.
 

Poor knowledge about pain and underestimation of patients’ ability to understand pain-related information represented barriers to reconceptualization of chronic pain problem and hence this short communication was aimed at providing a descriptive summary of evidence for pain neurophysiology education (PNE) as an effective intervention through studies retrieved from PubMed. PNE was shown to be effective in one study on fibromyalgia, four studies on chronic low back pain (one pilot study, one single case study, one randomized controlled trial, one systematic review), and one study on chronic whiplash. The ensuing paradigm shift towards mechanism-based classification of pain and mechanism-based physical therapy warranted establishing mechanism-based treatment guidelines so that treatments not only aim at symptom control but also enhancement of quality of life in people.

Keywords: Manual therapy; Applied physiology; Therapeutic physiology; Clinical physiology; Pain neurophysiology.

Introduction: There are various physiological factors that affect ECG waveforms which include sex, age, ethnicity, height, weight, body mass index, and pregnancy and produce inter individual variability in ECGs. Hypothesis: The present study was done to find out the electrocardiographic changes in relation to body mass index. Approach: The study was conducted in the Physiology department, VIMS, Bellary. 30 normal, 30 overweight and 30 obese individuals, each between ages 18-30 years were selected from student population, VIMS, Bellary and also from general population to find out electrocardiographic changes in relation to body mass index. The ECG was recorded and was evaluated for different parameters like heart rate, P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, QRS axis, QT interval, QTcinterval, and results were drawn. Results: There was statistically significant increase in heart rate, PR interval, QT interval, QTc interval, in overweight and obese individuals when compared to normal individuals and decrease in QRS axis in overweight and obese individuals when compared to normal individuals. Conclusions: The study shows that there are a variety of adaptations/alterations in cardiovascular system with increase in body mass index which bring about changes in ECG in the absence of any cardiac disease.

Keywords: ECG; Body mass index; Physiological changes.

Background: Studies have suggested a tight linear correlation between the SUA and SBP, DBPin children with pre-hypertension. Many factors, including family history, genetics, insulin resistance and BMI, play a role in the development of essential hypertension. Aims and Objectives: 1) To assess the SUA, BPin offspring’s of patients with essential hypertension (cases), and in age and sex matched healthy controls. 2) To compare and thereby to test the hypothesis that a “significant correlation is present between the SUA and BP”. Methodology: Thirty cases and thirty controls without history of essential hypertension in the family were randomly selected. Out of thirty subjects in each group, ten females and twenty were males aged between 17-25years.SUA, blood urea, serum creatinine, triglycerides, total cholesterol, FBS and BP were measured in both groups along with anthropometric measurements viz., height, weight, BMI, waist- hip ratio. Data was tabulated and statistically analysed using SPSS software. Results and Conclusions: It was found that both groups were well matched with respect to age, sex, BMI, and waist-hip ratio. The two groups also did not differ much in their lipid parameters, renal parameters, FBS (except serum creatinine). BP (systolic and diastolic, p<0.001, p=0.075) was significantly higher in cases in comparison to controls. Further analysis did not reveal any positive correlation between SUA and SBP in cases(r=-0.265, p=0.157). So it was concluded that the correlation between SUA and SBP has been distorted in cases due to confounding factors like age, etc.

Keywords: BP; Essential hypertension; SUA.