International Journal of Practical Nursing

Purpose: The pattern of HAIs (Healthcare Associated Infections) [device associated infections such as Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), Ventilator Associated Event (VAE), Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI) & Surgical Site Infection (SSI)] is analysed and their occurrences are compared to review benchmarks for HAIs in a tertiary care hospital for a period of 4 years. Methods: Passive surveillance data is collected by infection control nurses from the microbiology lab following reporting of culture specimens Active surveillance data is collected by the infection control nurses during their daily rounds in wards and ICUs. The data is compiled and analysed by the microbiologist and infection control officer. The data collection forms are prepared and updated as per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) guidelines. Results: Over a four year period, the average of CAUTI rate is 0.31, VAE is 1.38, CLABSI is 1.29 & SSI is 1.1%. Following annual analysis of rates of healthcare associated infections, the benchmarks have been revised to 0.5 for CAUTI, 1.5 for VAE, 1 for CLABSI and 0.5% for SSI. Conclusions: Analysing institutional data periodically to establish in-house benchmarks enables scope for improvement in infection control practices, thereby, contributing to patient safety.

Background: The present pilot study is as a part of Ph.D. Programme under The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R Medical University. The study was designed to assess the effectiveness of Novel Designed Nebulizer (NDN) on Parents satisfactions among Preschoolers undergoing nebulization in selected Hospital, Salem. Aim: To assess the level of Parents Satisfaction among parents of Preschoolers undergoing nebulization with Novel Designed Nebulizer (NDN). Methodology: Quasi experimental research design was adopted. 20 children (10 experimental, 10 control group) who were admitted in pediatric wards with respiratory conditions and receiving nebulization between the age group of 3 to 6 years were selected by purposive sampling. Nebulization was given to experimental group with Novel Designed Nebulizer (NDN) and control group with routine nebulization. Results: In experimental group all 10(100%) the parents of preschoolers were highly satisfied with the Novel Designed Nebulizer, whereas in control group equal percentage 5(50%) parents of preschoolers were moderately satisfied and dissatisfied with the routine type of nebulizer. The overall mean and SD in Experimental group is 3.2 ±0.92 and the overall mean and SD in control group is 8.2 ±0.63. The mean difference is 5. The Z value is 3.874 which is higher than the table value which shows that the Novel designed nebulization has improved parental satisfaction in experimental group. there association found post test score of Parental Satisfaction and Person accompanying in experimental group.

Prosthetic technology has progressed dramatically over the last century, transforming from rudimentary mechanical limbs to modern devices that restore sensory and motor capabilities. Initial prosthetic limbs mostly provide structural support without replicating biological function. Advancements in neural interfaces and surgical techniques, notably the agonist antagonist myoneural interface (AMI), have enabled prosthetics to leverage neuromuscular feedback, hence improving walking speed and gait adaptation. Moreover, progress in machine learning and materials science has resulted in intelligent prosthetics that can respond to human goals, providing real-time modifications to mechanical outputs. The historical evolution of prostheses can be delineated into four phases: mechanical supports, myoelectric control utilizing muscle signals, intelligent prosthetics incorporating sensors and adaptive algorithms, and biohybrid systems that amalgamate biological components with robotics. Post-amputation sensory loss impairs critical feedback systems, requiring the incorporation of artificial sensory pathways in contemporary prosthetics to improve stability and diminish dependence on visual signals. Rehabilitation has progressed to include immersive virtual and augmented reality technologies, which aid functional recovery and increase user engagement with prosthetic devices. Despite the clear advantages of improved prostheses, obstacles persist regarding accessibility, affordability, and the requirement for skilled practitioners. Future advances are anticipated to focus on the integration of more intricate sensory modalities and the creation of resilient, self-repairing materials. Interdisciplinary collaboration will be crucial in surmounting existing obstacles and enhancing the quality of life for prosthetic users, ensuring that devices are both functionally efficient and conducive to identity and autonomy.