Indian Journal of Waste Management

The operational farm holding in India is declining and over 85 million out of 105 million are below the size of 1 ha. Due to ever increasing population and decline in per capita availability of land in the country, practically there is no scope for horizontal expansion of land for agriculture. Only vertical expansion is possible by integrating farming components requiring lesser space and time and ensuring reasonable returns to farm families. The Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) therefore assumes greater importance for sound management of farm resources to enhance the farm productivity and reduce the environmental degradation, improve the quality of life of resource poor farmers and maintain sustainability. The IFS will be powerful tool in achieving livelihood security of farmers

Keywords: Farm Holding; IFS; Livelihood Security. 

Dewatering of sludge of pulp and paper mill is investigated by the use of various organic and inorganic polymers in the present study. During the study it was found that cationic polymers areefficient in dewatering due to the negative nature of sludge. Nonionic and anionic polymers are relatively less effective. Inorganic polymers are effective in water release only at very high doses which is not cost efficient treatment. The best dewatering rate is achieved when cationic polymer (1kg/T) and Poly Aluminum Chloride (3kg/T) are used in combination whereas amongst cationic polymer, the best is C7115 followed by C5115 and C3115.

Keywords: Sludge; Cationic; Anionic; Dewatering; Polymer. 

Detached and transported soil particles, due to action of water or wind deposite at downstream side of river, watershed and any other watershed structure leads into degradation of the land and ecology. The observed sediment yield of the Sonwal watershed in 200203 was 5.88 t/ha/yr. However, it was found 10.22 t/ha/yr with an increase of 4.34 t/ha/yr in 200809. The estimated sediment yield of the watershed for the year 200809 was found to be 14.82 t/ha/year with per cent change in observed and estimated sediment yield, 45. The area under waste land is increased by 15.55 per cent, agriculture area increased to a very less extent 0.18 per cent and forest land is reduced by 2.69 per cent, therefore the increased sediment yield was observed to the extent of 4.34 t/ha/yr (73.80%) in six years i.e. from 200203 to 200809. To reduce the rate of increase of sediment yield, the agriculture area needs to be increased by decreasing the wastes land besides, the watershed development program need to be implemented effectively to reduce the sediment yield or soil loss.

Keywords: Sediment Yield; Soil and Water Conservation.