Indian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Pediatrics

 Inguinal hernia is the most commonly performed surgery worldwide. Approximately one third of the patients are usually less than 6 months at the time for surgery. In this case of unusual presentation of inguinal hernia, a child was brought in a state of shock with small gut loops coming out of the hernia sac defect with gut loops being gangrenous at the time of presentation. To prevent such complications hernia repair is recommended soon after diagnosis, especially in children.

Keywords: Neglected Inguinal Hernia; Shock; Children.

 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) as associated with cyclical symptoms occurring in second half of menstrual cycle (lutealphase). Non-pharmacological management include high protein diet,regular exercise, stress reduction. Adolescent girls with PMS have been treated with gamma linolenic acid, an essential fatty acid precursor of prostaglandin E1. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) up 100 milligrams per day is helpful. Nutritional supplements like calcium, magnesium and chromium play a vital role in management of PMS. Non-hormonal therapy for PMS include: Anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, anxiolytics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). Hormonal therapy recommended for PMS is progesterone in luteal phase, low dose combined OC pills and GnRH.

Keywords: Premenstrual Syndrome; Pyridoxine; Nutritional Supplements; Progesterone.

 A torus fracture (or buckle fracture) is an incomplete fracture of the long bones at the metaphysis and is characterised by bulging of the cortex. Surprisingly there is very little consensus on the ideal immobilization technique to be followed. The purpose of our study was to compare complications and resources requirements for plaster casts and plaster splints for distal forearm single bone buckle fractures in children. The study included data of 48 patients in three tertiary care centres. The rate of complications and the resource requirement was lower in the plaster slab group in comparison to the plaster cast group. Our study concluded that plaster splints for torus fractures in children are preferable to plaster casts.

Keywords: Torus; Plaster Slab; Plaster Cast

 Background: Diarrhea, a common disease, is one of the major determinants of childhood morbidity and mortality in India. Diarrhea is the 2nd most common killer disease among children below 5 years worldwide. The treatment is mostly initiated at home by the mother and their knowledge about how to assess dehydration, prepare and give ORS, and when to seek medical attention (recognizing danger signs) are very important in preventing morbidity and mortality. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study using a self-designed and pretested structured questionnaire to gather data on mothers' knowledge attitude and practice about diarrhea in children. A total of 200 consecutive mothers admitted for various diseases of their children, having at least one child below 5 years were included for study. Results: Regarding Knowledge, most mothers (98%) could define diarrhea and the causes were correctly identified by (81%). Dehydration as an immediate concern was identified by 62%. 75% knew how to prepare and give ORS. Only 9.5% identified increased thirst & 17.5% identified sunken eyes as danger signs to seek medical attention. All seven signs were identified by 1 mother (0.5%). Only 20% knew that a vaccine is available to prevent diarrhea. Regarding Attitude, 50% of mothers would wait for medical advice before starting treatment. 66% opined that breast milk should be continued. Only 31.5% opined that usual diet to be continued. Regarding practice, almost all were having good practices to prevent diarrhea. Conclusion: Even in a State where there is nearly 100% literacy, mothers' knowledge about identifying signs of dehydration and picking up danger signs in order to seek medical attention were poor.

Keywords: Knowledge; Attitude Practice; Diarrhea, Mothers.