Indian Journal of Preventive Medicine

INTRODUCTION Bhutan is in Southeast Asia. It is bordered on the north and west by China and on the south and east by India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS The study design included an online search of all data pertaining to Malaria in Bhutan from the year 2018 onwards.

RESULTS According to one study, there were 54 cases of Malaria in Bhutan in 2018. Of these, 6 were indigenous, 14 were introduced and 34 were imported.2 The definitions of indigenous, introduced, and imported Malaria cases are given below:3

Necrotizing fasciitis results in gross morbidity and mortality if not treated early. Necrotizing fasciitis is a potentially fatal infection involving the subcutaneous tissue and fascia. It is commonly known as a flesh-eating disease. APRP helped as an adjuvant therapy for optimizing the outcome in various indications of plastic surgery. In our case report, we discuss the role of Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma (APRP) as an adjunct therapy in wound bed preparation of necrotizing fasciitis.

In India many of the researchers commonly use BG Prasad’s Classification of Socio-Economic Status (SES) scale in the process of doing a project, dissertation and even for publishing their work in a journal. As it is an income-based scale it needs to be constantly updated taking into consideration the inflation and depreciation of the sovereign currency. Prasad’s socio-economic status scales measures socioeconomic status of people of both rural and urban community based on the per capita monthly income of the family. The All India Average Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers (CPI-IW) is used to calculate the revised updated categories of income for September 2022.

Background: Severe Context: Animal bites to humans are a public health problem, posing a potential threat of rabies. Rabies, once symptomatic, is almost universally fatal. Yet, deaths are preventable with timely provision of post-exposure prophylaxis.

Aims: To describe the characteristics of animal bites and to identify the delay between exposure and arrival at hospital among reported casesin three years. Settings and Design: Record based study at a tertiary care centre in Thrissur, Kerala during 2019-2021.

Methods and Material: Details of the patients with history of animal bite were accessed from the records maintained at Immunisation Clinic.

Results: Among 164 victims, majority were males (55.5%). Cats (51.8%) were the most frequently involved animal followed by dogs (40.2%). 79.3% of animals were unvaccinated/with unknown vaccination status. Hands (37.2%) were the most common area involved in whole population and in children. More than half of the bites were category III (54.3%). 89% of victims reached hospital within 24 hours of exposure.

Discussion: There was no significant increase in a number of cases in the three study years. The major involved animal was cat in this study, in contrast to various other studies. An increase in the incidence of injuries in the head and neck region and category III wounds in children was observed, which point towards the severity of bite injuries in children. Although the majority of victims reported to the hospital without much delay, 11% of people failed to report on the first day, which demand the need of more public consciousness on animal bite and rabies.