Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice

Brenner tumors are rare ovarian tumors accounting for 2-3% of all ovarian neoplasms. These tumors are commonly seen in fourth to fifth decade. They are classified as benign, borderline and malignant. These tumors are associated with estrogen production, thus altering the estrogen-progesterone ratio. This high estrogen stimulates the endometrium and is responsible for producing endometrial hyperplasia, atypia and carcinoma. A rare case report is being presented here of Type l endometrial carcinoma-Grade 3 stage lllc associated with benign Brenner tumor of ovary in a 65 year old postmenopausal women.

Background: The Sellar and parasellar region being small, but is an anatomically complex area which encloses many vital structures and can get involved by diverse pathological lesions such as neoplastic, inflammatory, infectious, developmental and vascular abnormalities. All of them clinically presenting as mass lesions occupying the sellar and/parasellar areas. Unfortunately, many of these tumors lack characteristic imaging features thereby making the histological diagnosis crucial in the management of the patient. This study was done with the aim of knowing the incidence, age group affected and the varied spectrum of conditions which can present as sellar and/ parasellar lesions and to review the cases with respect to latest WHO 2016 classification and to eliminate the differentials. Methods: A 5 year retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Neurosurgery/Neurology from January 2014 to December 2018 and CT confirmed cases of sellar and/ parasellar masses were compiled. Results: A total of 158 cases were identified during the study duration which presented as sellar and/ parasellar mass lesions, with a slight female preponderance. The commonest being Pituitary adenoma 92 cases (58.23%) followed by Craniopharyngioma 28 cases (17.72%). The other lesions encountered are: Meningioma, Glial tumors, Pituitary carcinoma and secondary deposits. Of which extremely rare lesions like Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and recurrent pituitary adenoma was also encountered. Non neoplastic lesions such as abscess, Rathke cleft cyst and Xanthogranuloma of sellar region. Conclusion: A wide spectrum of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions can present as mass lesions occupying the sellar and parasellar regions knowledge of which is essential. Even rare lesions are possible in these anatomically complex areas. The commonest lesion encountered was Pituitary adenoma followed by non-adenomatous tumors like Craniopharyngioma and Meningioma. Hence one should have a differential of all these lesions while approaching sellar and/ parasellar mass.

Keywords: Sellar; Parasellar; Pituitary adenoma.

Background: Ovarian lesions form a frequent cause of hospitalization among females with different ages. Although most cases are physiological with no need for therapy, considerable number come as complicated cases and require surgical intervention. Clinical spectrum, associated findings and the diverse histomorphological patterns of ovarian lesions, thus offers a specific diagnosis which is of paramount clinical significance for both pathologist and gynaecologist for better understanding of the disease and planning proper management of the patients. Aim of the study: To study various histomorphological patterns of ovarian lesions. Materials and methods: Retrospective study was done in the department of Pathology at Vinayaka Mission’s KirupanandaVariyar Medical College and Hospital, Salem for duration of 02 years ie, from April 2019 to March 2021 on 110 ovarian specimens. Results: In our study Non neoplastic ovarian lesions were more commonly reported which constituted about 96.3%and Neoplastic lesions constituted only 3.6% .Corpus luteal cyst was most commonly reported ( 50.9%). Next common was Follicular cyst 16.9%. Conclusion: Non-neoplastic ovarian lesions were more commonly seen. Among non neoplastic lesions, corpus luteal cyst was more common.

Keywords: Corpus luteal cyst; Follicular cyst.

Introduction: The most important consideration in evaluating patients with solitary thyroid nodule is whether the nodule is a thyroid carcinoma or not. Solitary thyroid nodule can be both neoplatic or non neoplastic. Histological examination helps in the final diagnosis and also to know the frequency of occurrence of various histological varieties in solitary thyroid nodules. Aim: Our study was aimed to evaluate the solitary thyroid nodules histologically and categorise them according to their histomorphology findings. Materials and Methods: A total of 68 cases of solitary thyroid nodules were studied over a period of 4yrs and histopathology findings were recorded. Results: 68 cases of solitary thyroid nodules were studied for a period of 4yrs. The sex distribution of solitary thyroid nodules showed female preponderance. Mean age of presentation was 48yrs. Among 68 cases 38 were non neoplastic and 30 were neoplastic. Among non neoplastic, 20 were colloid noules/colloid cyst, 16 were hyperplastic nodules of nodular goiter and 2 were hashimotosthyroidits. Among 30 neoplastic, 20 were follicular adenoma, 5 were follicular carcinoma, 3 were papillary carcinoma and 2 were follicular variant of papillary carcinoma. Conclusion: To conclude, the most common lesion of solitary thyroid nodule in our study was non neoplastic lesion. Preoperative evaluation helps us to minimize the extent of surgery and hence morbidity.

Keywords: Colloid nodule of thyroid; Hashimotos thyroiditis; Histopathology; Papillary carcinoma thyroid; Solitary thyroid nodule.

Introduction: Pancytopenia is a combination of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. It can be primary or secondary. Bonemarrow study plays an important role in pancytopenia to identify the cause. Aim: The aim of the study is to identify the cause of pancytopenia, to know the frequency of various diseases in causing pancytopenia and the importance of bonemarrow study in such cases. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in and around Kurnool for a period of 4years in various health care centres. Patients presented with various complaints.Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were performed from posterior superior iliac crest of the patients. Aspiration smears were stained with leishmann stain for microscopy. Touch imprints of bone marrow biopsy were made and examined before the tissue was put in the 10% neutral buffered formalin fixative. Results: A total of 50 cases were studied during a period of four years. Age of patients range from 8months to 70years. 23 cases were female and 27 were male. The commonest cause of pancytopenia was megaloblastic anemia seen in 23 cases (46%) followed by nutritional anemia seen in 7 cases (14%), 5 cases (10%) were Aplastic anemia, 4 cases (8 %)were acute myeloid leukemia, 3 cases (6%) were acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 3 cases(6%) were lymphoma, 3 cases (6 %) were multiple myeloma, 1case (2%) was chediak higashi syndrome and 1 case (2%) was malaria. Conclusion: Bone marrow study helps in the diagnosis of cause of pancytopenia and also helps in planning for further investigations and management.

Keywords: Bone marrow study; chediak higashi syndrome; megaloblastic anemia and pancytopenia.