Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice

Needle core biopsies or Tru cut biopsies are the commonly used diagnostic tool in detection of prostatic cancers. It also poses as a major diagnostic challenge in tumour detection in prostate as the diagnosis depends on the size and number of adequate cores. This study conducted at a tertiary care centre in kerala, aims to identify adenocarcinomas of prostate in needle core biopsies received in the department of pathology in a time period of two years, determining its Gleason’s score and correlating it with age of the patients and serum PSA levels. Gleason’s scoring system has evolved over many years and this study is based on the 2005 ISUP Modified Gleason Score. The conduct of this study also was restricted to core biopsies of prostate in indicated patients. The advent of needle core biopsies has brought about a revolution in detecting carcinomas of prostate at an early stage and which can also be attributed to the increasing rate of detection of prostatic malignancies worldwide. Context: In view of increasing incidence of prostatic tumours in men in India, this study was conducted in needle core biopsies of prostate at a Tertiary Care Centre in Mid Kerala. Aims: 1. To identify adenocarcinomas of prostate in needle core biopsies and classify according to its Gleason score. 2. To correlate Gleason’s score with age of the patients and Serum PSA levels. Settings and Design: Department of Pathology,Government TD Medical College, Alappuzha, Prospective Study. Methods and Material: All needle core biopsies of Prostate with a histological diagnosis of Adenocarcinoma of Prostate were included in this study during a period of two years. All tissue cores were processed and H & E stain was done to evaluate and score the tumour according to 2005 ISUP Modified Gleason score. Age and Serum PSA levels were also correlated with the Gleason score. Statistical analysis used: Descriptive Analysis Results: 40 cases of adenocarcinoma prostate in needle core biopsies were studied in a time period of 2 years. Gleason’s score was determined for each patient and they were grouped as Group A,B,C with Gleason score ≤6,7 and ≥8 respectively. 36 out of 40 patients were in the age group of >60 years and they had a higher Gleason’s score as compared to patients who were <60 years of age. Serum PSA levels were available in 29 cases

Background: Among the soft tissue sarcomas, Liposarcoma is the second most common malignant tumour in adults1-3. Pleomorphic liposarcoma is a variant of liposarcoma and is characterized by pleomorphic lipoblasts. It occurs more common in males than females2-7. Case Presentation: A 62 year old Male presented with a mass in the upper 1/3rd of left thigh. Computed tomography showed tumour showing invasion. Biopsy was taken and histopathology revealed Pleomorphic liposarcoma. Conclusion: Pleomorphic liposarcoma is the rare malignant tumour with high grade as well as high recurrence rate. But the prognosis of this patient is very poor. On the treatment point of view, many mode has been tried but yet the final modality of treatment is still controversial. The histopathological diagnosis revealed the final diagnosis. Hence, any soft tissue mass should not be neglected as benign and to be evaluated for sarcoma. Key words: Pleomorphic liposarcoma.

Primary urinary bladder localised amyloidosis is a very uncommon condition and can appear like a neoplastic etiology clinically and radiologically. Hence, histological examination is necessary for confirmation of diagnosis. Further investigation is necessary to exclude systemic amyloidosis.

Key words: Primary; Amyloidosis; urinary bladder.

Background: Globally the demand for blood is increasing in day to day clinical practice but there has been a significant gapmismatch in the demand and supply of blood. It is essential to raise awareness regarding voluntary blood donation (VBD), as bloodis an essential therapeutic measure in the management of trauma, malignancies, hemtological and certain congenital disorders in the pediatric population. . The present study was carried out to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding voluntary nonremunerated blood donation among engineering students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 3 months among 300 Engineering college students. A three-part questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and practices was administered. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The level of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding voluntary blood donation was 96%, 86% and76% respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the level of knowledge between female and male students with male students demonstrating higher level of knowledge compared to female students (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although the present study has shown high levels of attitude towards VBD, there exists a gap between attitude and practices, which could be influenced by poor level of knowledge. It is important to provide adequate knowledge and motivation towards nonremunerated, voluntary blood donation by creating adequate awareness across the younger population. Key words: Blood transfusion; Non remunerated donors; KAP study; voluntary donation.

Introduction: Histological examination of the submitted endometrial tissue remains the standard diagnostic procedure for the assessment of abnormal uterine bleeding. In addition, accurate histopathological diagnosis facilitates the implementation of optimal treatment strategies. Histopathological diagnosis varies according to the age. Methodology: This was a study on histopathology of endometrium in AUB, undertaken in the Department of Pathology over a period of two years. Material for the study consisted of dilatation and curettage samples of endometrium obtained from patients presenting with AUB, who were either attending OPD or admitted in hospital, which was sent for histopathological study to the Department of Pathology Results: Among 140 functional cases of AUB, secretory endometrium and proliferative endometrium were the most common patterns and were seen in 54 cases (39%) and 35 (25%) cases, respectively. This was followed by 27 (19%) cases of disordered proliferative endometrium,17 (12%)cases of AUB due hormonal effect and 7 (5%)cases of irregular shedding. Conclusion: Amongst the 78 organic lesions causing AUB, endometrial hyperplasia was the most common and seen in 62 (73%) cases. The other organic causes of AUB observed in this study include 4 (5%) cases of endometritis 4 (5%) cases of endometrial polyp and 8 (9%) cases of malignancy. Key words: Endometrium; Abnormal Uterine Bleeding; endometritis.

Introduction: In general, chronic cholecystitis associated with cholelithiasis features dense mural muscular hypertrophy and fibrosis, and usually only minimal chronic inflammation. Rokitansky–Aschoff sinuses are frequently identified; these represent diverticuli of gallbladder mucosa into the muscular layer, which are associated with focal mild muscular hypertrophy. Methodology: The study mainly included all cholecystectomy specimens received at the Department of Pathology. The patient’s name, age, sex, parity, diet and clinical features were noted. Some of the cases had been diagnosed clinically and all cases had been subjected to ultrasound examination preoperatively. Results: Microscopically, 104 (57.1%) cases had normal mucosal lining, 38 (20.9%) had atrophied lining, 24 (13.2%) had ulcerated mucosa, 12 (6.6%) had hyperplastic lining and two each had necrosed mucosal lining (1.1%) and pyloric gland metaplasia(1.1%). Conclusion: Wall was infiltrated with lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils and macrophages and showed fibrosis and congested blood vessel. Mild degree of inflammation was seen in 97 (53.3%), 59 (32.4%) had moderate and 26 (14.3%) had severe inflammation. Rokitansky Ascoff Sinuses was seen in all cases. Key words: Chronic Cholecystitis; Rokitansky Ascoff Sinuses; Cholelithiasis.

Introduction: Cholecystokinin, released from the mucosa of the proximal duodenum after fatty meals, is the most important hormone that promotes gallbladder contraction. Motilin aids in interdigestive gallbladder contraction, which occurs in tandem with giant migratory complexes of the intestines every two hours or so. Other peptides including pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin may affect gallbladder motility. Methodology: After studying the gross features, representative areas were sampled for histopathological examination. The patient’s name, age, sex, parity, diet and clinical features were noted. Some of the cases had been diagnosed clinically and all cases hDad been subjected to ultrasound examination preoperatively. Results: Microscopically, 65 (50%) cases had normal mucosal lining, 38 (29.2%) had atrophied lining, 18 (13.8%) had ulcerated mucosa, eight (6.2%) had hyperplastic lining and one (0.8%) had pyloric gland metaplasia. Wall was infiltrated with lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, macrophages and showed fibrosis and congested blood vessel. Mild degree of inflammation was seen in 75 (57.70%) cases, 48 (36.90%) had moderate and 7 (5.40%) had severe inflammation. Conclusion: Rokitansky Aschoff Sinuses was seen in all cases. One case with inspissated mucous revealed flattened lining epithelium with mild degree of inflammation. Key words:Chronic Calculus Cholecystitis; Xanthogranulomatous Inflammation; Rokitansky Aschoff Sinuses.

Background: Globally the demand for blood is increasing in day to day clinical practice but there has been a significant gapmismatch in the demand and supply of blood. It is essential to raise awareness regarding voluntary blood donation (VBD), as bloodis an essential therapeutic measure in the management of trauma, malignancies, hemtological and certain congenital disorders in the pediatric population. . The present study was carried out to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding voluntary nonremunerated blood donation among engineering students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 3 months among 300 Engineering college students. A three-part questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and practices was administered. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The level of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding voluntary blood donation was 96%, 86% and76% respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the level of knowledge between female and male students with male students demonstrating higher level of knowledge compared to female students (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although the present study has shown high levels of attitude towards VBD, there exists a gap between attitude and practices, which could be influenced by poor level of knowledge. It is important to provide adequate knowledge and motivation towards nonremunerated, voluntary blood donation by creating adequate awareness across the younger population. Key words: Blood transfusion; Non remunerated donors; KAP study; voluntary donation.