Indian Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine

Subcutaneous fats necrosis of new child is a totally uncommon entity that takes place at some point of the primary few weeks of lifestyles, an uncommon shape of lobular panniculitis. Risk elements consist of perinatal asphyxia, hypothermia, meconium aspiration, and sepsis. It typically follows a self-restricting and non-routine course, however it could be complex with the aid of using hypercalcemia and different metabolic abnormalities. Because it's miles uncommon, analysis is being overlooked without problems. We file one case of new child with subcutaneous fats necrosis.

Keywords: Subcutaneous fats necrosis; Birth asphyxia; New born.
 

Times are tough and the most common thing we’ve all been hearing is social distancing. As adults some people might even be happy to distance themselves socially. However there is someone who doesn’t understand the concept of social distancing. A child. In this article, the following aspects are discussed: The current scenario with regard to the lockdown, the problems children and adolescents might be facing, tentative solutions to those problems.

Keywords: Covid-19; Adolescents; Mental health; Lockdown

Direct fetal injury is uncommon, and fetal brain is the most common organ to be involved. The most common cause of fetal injury is due to motor vehicle accident. Though brain damage is the most commonly encountered effect following motor vehicle accident, here we report a case of lung injury in the fetus causing massive pneumothorax and bilateral lower lobe pulmonary contusionsinspite of mother having no external injury to her abdomen or the newborn to his chest in the form of contusions or open injury.

Keywords: Intrauterine Fetal Traumatic Lung Injury; Road Traffic Accident to Mother

Introduction: Placenta, which serves as a crucial foeto-maternal interface, is the central support organ for developing fetus, hence its abnormalities can have an impact on both maternal and fetal health. Abnormal placentations result in poor placental perfusion and placental insufficiency.USG of placenta is primarily directed toward determining the location of the placenta and identifying its abnormalities in later weeks of pregnancy. Aims & Objective: To determine the maternal outcome depending on second trimester placental location between 18-24 weeks and to determine whether it can be considered as a screening tool to predict these complications. Method: This retrospective study is conducted at ACPMMC Dhule. 200 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy, who delivered after 28 weeks of gestation during 1 year period, who had prior documentation of placental location on the basis of antenatal USG performed between 18-24 weeks were included. Placental position was then categorized as anterior, posterior, fundal, lateral and placenta previa. Association of placental location with maternal outcome was then noted. Result: Out of 200 women, the frequency of central placentation was 166 (82.8%), lateral placentation 32 (16.2%) and placenta previa was 2 (1%). Central placentation had an abnormal outcome in 77(46.3%) and lateral placentas with abnormal outcome were 18(57.2%). Abnormal maternal outcomes like Antepartum haemorrhage(APH) (23%), Pregnancy Induced Hypertension(PIH) (29%), Intrauterine Growth Restriction(IUGR) (16%), Preterm Birth(15%) were more in lateral placentation. Placenta Previa carried an increased risk of Postpartum haemorrhage(PPH) and Adherent placenta. Conclusion: In our study, there is a significant association between lateral placentation and abnormal pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, placental location by Ultrasound examination done in second trimester is used as non-invasive predictor in determining adverse maternal outcomes

Keywords: Placental location; Lateral location; Abnormal outcome; Maternal outcome; Second trimester; Ultrasound

Aim: To study the incidence of hypocalcemia in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia during phototherapy. Methods: A prospective cross sectional study conducted in pediatric tertiary care hospital. 112 newborns were included in the study and randomized in two equal groups with 56 newborns in each group A(Preterm neonates) and B(Term neonates). Blood samples were drawn from all newborns for measurement of serum ionic calcium, total serum bilirubin and blood group. Total serum bilirubin was measured at the start of phototherapy, 24 hours, 48 hours and then at the end of phototherapy. Serum ionized calcium level was measured at the start of phototherapy and after completion of 48 hours of phototherapy. Results: The mean serum ionic calcium in group A (preterm neonates) and group B (Term neonates) at 0 hrs and 48 hrs after phototherapy was 4.71 mg/dl, 4.14 mg/dl and4.68 mg/dl, 4.34 mg/ dl respectively with a mean difference of 0.57 mg/dl and 0.34 mg/dl with an SD of 0.37and0.24. This decline in serum ionic calcium was statistically significant in both groups. (p< 0.001). On comparing the mean decline in serum ionic calcium after 48 hours of phototherapy in group A and group B was 0.57 ± 0.37 mg/dl and 0.34 ± 0.24mg/ dl respectively. This decline in serum ionic calcium was significantly higher in group A. (p<0.001). Incidence of hypocalcemia found in our study; Group A (Preterm neonates) 26.8% newborns and Group B (Term neonates), 14.3% neonates. Conclusion: There is a significant decrease in serum calcium levels in neonates with receiving phototherapy and more decrease in serum calcium level in preterm neonates compared to term neonates, but difference of hypocalcemia and symptomatic hypocalcemia was not significant.

Keywords: Serum calcium; Hypocalcemia; Hyperbilirubinemia; Phototherapy

Objective: To study relationship between blood glucose level and mortality, morbidity and length of picu stay in critically ill children ≥ 1 month to ≤ 10 years of age. Methods: Glycemia was determined using Accu-Chek (Roche Inc., Manheim, Germany) at the bedside, with blood being usually collected by finger prick. Glycemia results were provided either in mmol/L or mg/dL units. To simplify the analysis, all mg/dL values were converted into mmol/L by multiplying them by 0.0555. Result: Total 200 critically ill children were included in our study, one fourty one patients were having hyperglycemia (70.5%), ten were having hypoglycaemia (5%), fourty nine were having normoglycemia (49%). Conclusion: We demonstrated that hyperglycemic patients were more prevalent among critically ill children and are at higher risk for mortality, increased length of PICU stay, high PRISM SCORE III.

Keywords: Glycemic Levels; Treatment; Critically ill Children

Context: To see effect of transfusion on variants of haemoglobin in neonates. Results: There was significant difference in mean value of serum haemoglobin variants (Hb F, Hb A & Hb A2) at age of one month but no significant difference in mean value of serum haemoglobin variants at three months & six months in cases and control. Aims: To compare if there is any difference in variants of haemoglobin in transfused and non-transfused neonates at various ages. Settings and Design: Tertiary care hospital in north India. Prospective cohort study Methods and Material: All neonates who underwent double volume exchange transfusion with whole blood in neonatal period were followed up at ages one month, three months and six months for their haemoglobin electrophoresis and compared with similar parameters in age and sex matched controls. Statistical analysis used: Average and standard deviation of various variants of haemoglobin in both the groups was calculated and p value between the values of both the group was derived. Results: p value of HbF, HbA and HbA2 between cases and controls was not significant (p=0.27, p=0.21 and p=0.39 respectively) at six months of age. Conclusions: Major haemoglobin variants in transfused and nontransfused neonates equalizes by three months of age. Keywords: Blood Transfusion; Levels of Haemoglobin; Neonates in First Six Months.

Key Messages: Haemoglobin variants; In transfused and nontransfused; Neonates equalizes by three months of age