Indian Journal of Law and Human Behavior

The conditions of witnesses in Indian Legal System can be termed as ‘poignant’. The witness are subject to number of threats, harassments and many pressures including attending the court on regular basis. Even during examinations in the court of law the witness are subject to number of illogical and unworthy questions which the witness is unable to bear. The question of hostile witnesses are another factor which ultimately led to the acquittal of accused and low conviction rate. As per number of reports which predict that in India, we have a low conviction rate the untrustworthy environment pertain to witness are one of the factor for such cause. Lack of witness protection programme led to the frustration and harassment of witness led to faulty conviction rate. Either the witness are not willing to become a witness in a case or if he comes as witness later on he turns to be the hostile witness. The current legal system has taken the witness for granted while as the reality is that as quoted by Bentham that witness are eyes and ears of justice delivery system. The frequent summons to the witness are also an issue. One of the main reasons which the paper highlights is witness harassment in terms of adjournment by court or they have to travel own due to this witness stop thereby to go to court, in this harassment lawyers play prominent role. The Frequent adjournments which are not necessary led to prolonged delay and delayed justice system. As it has been said that justice delayed is justice denied. The years long hearing add the fuel to fractured witness system. The bad behaviour including pulling them out of the court by poens, the bad day long stays inside courts add more fuel to the harassment of witness while as the criminal jurisprudence believes that witness are the guest of court.

Keywords: Witnesses; Indian Legal System; Adjournment.

Prostitution is one of the major problems which beset the human societies the world over, from the very dawn of civilization. It is one of the kaleidoscopic images nurtured by social fabric, which wishes to perpetuate the status of women as sexual objects. Sometimes, prostitution can be viewed as a sociological phenomenon, an inevitable outcome of ignorance and misery, as a flesh trade in the society. A narrower view is that, yet equally valid concern, is that prostitution constitutes a health hazard, both directly in the spread of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, as well as indirectly, as a conduit for drug trafficking and abuse. Giving legal recognition to prostitution would enable the prostitutes to make some contribution towards the development of the nation, as they would have legal protection, their children can get education and would be entitled to participate in the main stream of the society. Recognizing prostitution as a profession will at least reduce the real illegalities that come with it, such as child prostitution, drug trafficking and other crimes. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the philosophical and socio-legal perspectives relating to sexual exploitation of women and girls. In India, one lakh minors are forced into prostitution every year. The menace of child trafficking in India has been growing at an alarming pace. According to United Nations Children’s Fund, the state of the Worlds Children’s Report, Indian country has been identified as the leading hot-spots of child sex trafficking in the world. Half of the missing girl children in India were sold into prostitution. Under this scenario, in this paper an attempt has been made to analyze the various deleterious effects of prostitution and its socio-economic and legal impact on the society.

Keyword: Prostitution; Sex work; Trafficking, Victimization, Legalized sex work; Sex trafficking policy.

Today oceans are also being encroached by the entity called pollution. The root cause of this is using the waterways as a mode of transportation, fishing and some other reasons. Such pollution is causing threat to the aquatic ecology. As a result of this, the marine ecology is greatly under threat. Due to indiscriminate fishing the fish in the ocean is declining at a rapid pace. Looking at the same, a Dutch teenager, Boyan Slat originally dreamed up to develop a system, at the age of 16 to clean up the same while he was diving in Greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea. This paper aims to discuss this issue from the context of international environmental framework.

Keywords: Ocean; Aquatic ecology; Ghost gear; Garbage Patch; International environmental law.

The past five decades have witnessed the difficult problems encountered in providing health care services to poor people, the majority of who live in more than half-a-million villages and in proliferating slums of our cities. Munificent and charitable association/organization since time immemorial has been contributing appreciably towards the health care of the society. The magnitude of solid waste produced in metropolis depends on the category of the municipality, its inhabitants, living standards of the inhabitants and scale of commercialization and diverse actions existing in the metropolitan This study covers performance of various NGOs in different cities. With the route of time, Non-Governmental Organizations have prepared & outfitted themselves adequately and come up enthusiastically in providing services in waste management and protection of environment. The vital role played at the diverse state and provincial level, Non Governmental Organizations is momentarily described in the 1968-Encyclopedia of Social Work in India. The study illustrates performance & feature of Non-Governmental Organizations-mediated solid waste management. It is recommended that generating consciousness among the public and their participation along with initiatives of Non Governmental Organizations is indispensable and essential part for proficient solid waste management.

Keywords: Non-Governmental Organization; Solid Waste Management; Government of India; Manipur; Puducherry.

Hazardous waste has become a big threat to the environment. It’s handling and disposal has presented such challenges which would lead to catastrophic effects. However, one of the major concern relating to hazardous waste relates to its trans-boundary movement which disturbs the scales of environmental justice. There have been various attempts made by the international community to address this issue through the means of conventions and treaties. The Basel Convention has made an attempt to address the problem of trans-boundary movement of hazardous waste. The Convention did achieve some success in dealing with the problem but there are various lacunas and loop holes which need attention for its effective implementation. The Convention fails to impose uniform obligations. It is not uniform and clear in the categorization of hazardous waste. There is no effective monitoring and control mechanism that has been put in place by the Convention. Also, the BAN Amendment does not provide any incentive for the parties for its enforcement. There is a need for predictability, traceability and transparency of trade in recycle in order to accommodate the changing patterns of trade to set measures to protect human health and environment. The Basel Convention needs to overcome the lacunas so that it can achieve the goal of environment justice.

Keywords: Hazardous; Trans-boundary; Trade; Waste.