Indian Journal of Dental Education

Dentinal hypersensitivity, though a commonly encountered clinical condition, is challenging in terms of arriving at a correct diagnosis and subsequently management. This is because of its multifactorial etiology and diverse signs and symptoms. It is a significant clinical problem. It is defined as “pain arising from exposed dentine typically in response to thermal, chemical, tactile or osmotic stimuli”. Its management requires a good understanding of its completely, as well as its various treatment modalities.

Keywords: Tooth hypersensitivity; Sensitivity; Theories; Prevention; Management.
 

Antimicrobial drug resistance is a major problem in the medical and dental fields. Because of these healthprofessionals are inventing or looking for alternatives such as herbal products, which are safe and provides thesignificant antibacterial properties. Among many, herbal products, some herbs are rich in phytochemical compounds.
These phytochemicals are used in producing phytomedicines which affects the human body. In dentistry, especially in the field of endodontics, extract of phytomedicines are very effective in various research. The purpose of endodontic treatments is to eliminate the bacteria from the root canal system and prevent its recontamination.
Intracanal medicaments are used in a root canal to eliminate the remaining bacteria after instrumentation and irrigation, to reduce the inflammation of periapical tissues and to prevent from reinfection of the root canal system.Various herbal products have been widely used as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, sedatives, and antibiotics. Thus,
this review aims to provide an update of the various herbal agents that can be used as intracanal medicaments.

Antimicrobial drug resistance is a major problem in the medical and dental fields. Because of these health professionals are inventing or looking for alternatives such as herbal products, which are safe and provides the significant antibacterial properties. Among many, herbal products, some herbs are rich in phytochemical compounds.
These phytochemicals are used in producing phytomedicines which affects the human body. In dentistry, especially in the field of endodontics, extract of phytomedicines are very effective in various research. The purpose of endodontic treatments is to eliminate the bacteria from the root canal system and prevent its recontamination.
Intracanal medicaments are used in a root canal to eliminate the remaining bacteria after instrumentation and
irrigation, to reduce the inflammation of periapical tissues and to prevent from reinfection of the root canal system. Various herbal products have been widely used as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, sedatives, and antibiotics. Thus, this review aims to provide an update of the various herbal agents that can be used as intracanal medicaments.

Keywords: Herbs; Intracanal medicament; Root canal system
Herbs; Intracanal medicament; Root canal system

The world of fashion is usually developing and this gesture applies to dentistry. However, rear back dentistrywas confined only with discomfort along with pain and anxiety. Dental treatments are now becoming one of thefundamental aspects of a healthy life and so fashion aspects are also getting integrated into it. The value of intraoraljewellery and piercings of oral and perioral tissues have been gaining acceptance in all age groups. Dental jewelleryis a cosmetic dental procedure wherein diamond or another stone is adhered to the tooth structure. This method is non-invasive with less of side effects. So as a dentist of 21st century, we should have the awareness of currentadvances in addition to daily therapeutic procedures. This review article gives a brief study of dental jewellery which adds sparkles to the smile.

Keywords: Dental art jewellery; Aesthetics; Twinkles; Tooth jewellery; Oral piercings.
 

Background: Chronic periodontitis and Diabetes are common chronic diseases in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of two biomarkers namely Homocysteine (Hcy) and Methylmalonic acid (MMA) in chronic periodontitis (CP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and also to evaluate its correlation with serum vitamin B12 levels. Methodology: 85 adults were recruited and divided into five groups as follows:

Group 1:17 healthy individuals without CP and T2DM; Group 2: 17 subjects with CP and without T2DM; Group 3: 17 subjects
with T2DM without CP; Group 4: 17 subjects with T2DM (controlled) and CP; Group 5: 17 subjects with T2DM (uncontrolled) and CP. Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), Probing pocket depth (PPD) and Clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels, HbA1c and Vitamin B12 levels were evaluated. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected for assessment of salivary Hcy and MMAusing ELISA. Results:The probing depth and clinical attachment level was found to be elevated in chronic periodontitis and chronic
periodontitis with diabetes mellitus patients. The levels of Hcy were found to be elevated in group 5, followed by group 4, 3, 2 and 1. Elevated levels of MMA were seen in group 5 and 4equally. A statistically significant correlation betweenparameterssuchasPI,GI,PPD,CAL,FBS,HbA1candsalivarybiomarkerswereseen(p<0.05).Anegative
correlation between Hcy, MMA and serum Vitamin B12 levels were recorded. Conclusion: Elevated levels of salivary Hcy and MMAseen in chronic periodontitis and diabetes mellitus patients, suggesting their interrelationship. The levels of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid are inversely correlated with serum vitamin B12 levels.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus; Chronic periodontitis; Biomarkers; Vitamin B12; Methylmalonic acid; Homocysteine
 

The ageing of populations worldwide is a phenomenon that has led to transformations in health care. The need for geriatric dental education was realized in the late 1970s. Efficient treatment requires correct attitude on the part of the dental students towards the geriatric population and their perception of the treatment of geriatric patients influences patient satisfaction and treatment success. Materials andMethods:- A need assessment survey was planned on 350 dental students including both undergraduate students and interns in dental colleges of central India. The survey was done through an online questionnaire and the results were calculated to find out the attitude of dental students towards the geriatric population. Geriatric Attitude Scale questionnaire for measuring attitudes toward older patients given by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) was used in the study to assess the perception and knowledge. Results: - The mean GAS score in the present study was found to be 3.48 with a mean SD of 0.95. It was found that the dental students in the central India region have a neutral to a positive attitude about the geriatric population. Conclusion: - The study concluded that a neutral to positive attitude exists in dental students towards the geriatric population and emphasizes on the fact that geriatric dental education needs to be imparted to the dental students with more impetus to improve geriatric oral healthcare and to bring about a positive change in the quality of life of the elderly population.

Keyword: Geriatric Patients; Geriatric Attitudinal Scale; Dental Students.