Indian Journal of Dental Education

 Background: This report describes the case where a successful diagnosis of arteriovenous malformation was made who reported with periodontal complaints. Case Description: A thorough periodontal assessment was done along with necessary radiographic and histologic investigations to make an accurate diagnosis and subsequent surgical management was carried out. Literature Review: Arterio venous malformation is a developmental anomaly and the occurrence in mandible is rare. So, any undetected malformation during regular dental procedure like extraction or periodontal surgery can lead to hemorrhagic complications. Clinical Significance: Within the limits of this study, the result demonstrates that a thorough assessment of periodontal clinical signs can help in the diagnosis and management of a rare and potentially life threatening condition like arteriovenous malformation of mandible.

Keywords: Periodontal Pocket; Bleeding on Probing; Arteriovenous Malformation.

 Lichen planus is a relatively common mucocutaneous disorder affecting the oral mucosa and causes discomfort thereby compromising the quality of life. Among various types of oral lichen planus, papular type is relatively rare. Here we are reporting two cases of papular lichen planus of the oral mucosa, one of which is associated with multiple areas of hyperpigmentation and other case of angina bullosa hemorrhagica coexisting with papular lichen planus.

Keywords: Angina Hemorrhagica Bullosa; Hyperpigmentation; Oral Lichen Planus.

 The past decade has seen an increasing demand for reforms of dental education that would produce a graduate better equipped to work in the rapidly changing world of the 21stcentury. Among the most notable curriculum changes implemented in dental schools is a move towards Problem­Based Learning (PBL). PBL, in some form, has been a feature of medical education for several decades, but has only recently been introduced into dental schools.

Keywords: Problem­Based Learning (PBL); Teaching and Learning Methods; Dental Education; Curriculum

 Aim/Background: In the search to refine the prediction of aggressiveness in individual tumours, different biological markers and malignancy grading systems have been used. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between histologic grading and expression of p53 at the invasive tumour front (ITF) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: The expression of p53 protein at ITF was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Thirty OSCC patients included 17 men and 13 women with an age range of 30­67 years and a mean age of 51.4 years. Ten normal oral mucosa samples served as control. The data for mean p53 labeling index (LI) was analyzed for difference between low and high grade carcinomas at ITF and centre of the tumour. Results: In low grade carcinomas, the mean p53 LI at ITF was 48.24 (±34.0177); and mean p53 LI at centre was 42.1200 (±31.3014). In high grade carcinomas, the mean p53 LI at ITF was 52.3733 (±38.0615); and mean p53 LI at centre was 45 (±40.2120). The mean p53 LI at ITF was more as compared to mean p53 LI at centre. The mean p53 LI at ITF and centre in high grade carcinomas was more as compared to the mean p53 LI at ITF and centre in low grade carcinomas. The difference was statistically non­significant. Conclusion: There is a high incidence of expression of p53 protein in OSCC. The cells present at ITF have different molecular characteristics when compared with those in the superficial areas of the tumour.

Keywords: Invasive Front Grading; Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma; p53.

 Objective: The aim of present study is evaluation of site predilection and age related incidence of Dermoid cyst in head and neck region. Materials and Methods: The central search engines like Pubmed, Scopus, Medline, Science direct, Mendley and Google scholar is used to search all cases of dermoid cyst pulished till date in English language. Total 47 published studies have been retrieved from database meeting the search criteria. Out of 47 published studies, 20 studies have no radiological features. The remaining 27 cases have classical radiological presentations on Conventional radiographs (Occlusalradiographs, Panoramic radiographs), Ultrasound, CT and MRI. Results: Sublingual region was the most common site followed by tongue and floor of the mouth. Lip, soft palate and buccal mucosa were least frequently involved with only one case reported in each location. Dermoid cysts were clearly depicted on CT and MR imaging and on ultrasonography as well defined encapsulated cystic masses. Displacement of adjacent anatomical structures were evident in most of the radiological findings. Conclusion: Dermoid cyst of head and neck is uncommon lesion. Whenever, a well defined cystic lesion is appreciated in head and neck region, the Dermoid cyst should always be included in differential diagnosis.

Keywords: Dermoid Cyst; Epidermoid Cyst; Congenital Abnormalities; Hamartoma.

 Since the introduction of the Champy miniplate in treatment of mandibular fractures, the potential and effectiveness of this method has been demonstrated in many clinical studies. Inspite of the encouraging results some authors have raised doubts as to the functional stability of miniplates. The aim of this study is to evaluate load resistance of mandibular fractures treated with miniplate osteosynthesis using bite force recorder. 20 patients with mandibular fracture were selected and treated by open reduction and internal fixation using titanium conventional mini plates. The bite force measurements were performed pre­operatively and postoperatively at follow up intervals of 12th hour post­operatively, 1st week, 2nd week, 4th week and 6thweek using bite force recorder. The maximum bite force increased from 11.62% at 12th hourly, 25.69% at 1 week, 34.17% at 2 weeks, 53.39% at 4 weeks and 64.34% at 6 weeks postoperatively. This increase in bite force values was found to be significant at each postoperative follow up period. However, the maximum bite force value even at the end of 6 weeks was significantly less as compared to the maximum bite force value in controls.

Keywords: Mandible Fracture; Miniplates; Champy’s Osteosynthesis; Bite Force.

 Objectives: To determine the association between socio­economic indicators and caries status of the school children, in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross­sectional descriptive study was conducted among 433 randomly selected school children from Riyadh city. Socioeconomic statuswas assessed through interviewing the children using a structured, close­ended questionnaire. Caries status was assessed by using the DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Tooth) index. All the responses obtained from questionnaire were coded and analyzed. Means and standard deviations were computed for the DMFT score. One­way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests were performed to determine significant differences between mean DMFT scores and socio­economic variables. Results: Children showed an overall mean DMFT score of 5.04 ±0.32. The socioeconomic indicators such asoccupational status of the mother (p<0.001), education level of the mother(p = 0.001) and father (p=0.014), type of accommodation (p = 0.002), presence of domestic help at home (p<0.001),number of siblings (p=0.003) and family income (p<0.001) were found to be associated with the DMFT scores of the children. Conclusion: Study is suggestive of clear association between socioeconomic status of the children’s family and their caries status. Several socio­economic indicators have been implicated in the association of dental caries status of the children.

Keywords: Association; DMFT Index; Education; Income; Father; Mother; Occupation; Socio­Economic Status.

 Background: Herbal products, including dentifrices, appear to have become an attractive alternative for some consumers and their use has gained appreciable acceptance all over the world. A double­blinded controlled clinical trial was designed to investigate the effectiveness of two herbal­based toothpastes containing different active ingredients in the control of plaque and gingivitis. The efficacy of Dabur­ New Meswak over Dabur­ Old Meswak toothpaste was assessed in this study. Objective: To evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of two herbal dentifrices containing different active ingredients in control of plaque induced gingivitis. Materials and Methods: 80 subjects with gingivitis participated in the study. All participants had at least 20 natural teeth with no probing depths greater than 3 mm and a plaque index score of 2 or more at baseline. At baseline, the clinical parameters like plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were estimated. Paired t­test was used to compare the difference within the groups and unpaired t­test was used to compare the difference between the groups at baseline and at 6 weeks. Results: A total of 80 adults (41 males and 39 females), who were allotted two experimental groups (New Meswak and Old Meswak), completed the 6 weeks clinical trial. At the end of the study, there were statistically significant reductions in the PI, GI and gingival bleeding scores within the test group. However, there were no statistically significant differences between two groups. Conclusion: Continuous application of herbal tooth pastes provided significant improvement of oral hygiene level in patients with plaque –induced gingivitis. It was however concluded that the Dabur­ New Meswak toothpaste was as effective as the Dabur­ Old Meswak in the control of plaque and gingivitis.

Keywords: Herbal Dentifrices; Dental Plaque; Gingivitis; Plaque Inhibition; Plaque Index (PI); Gingival Index (GI); Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI); Oral Hygiene.