Abstract

Cattle comprises the top most domestic animal in India. Cow is connected with all beings for the use of milk in crucial time of their life. Cow milk products and by products of cow dung and cow urine also have more therapeutic benefits practiced in centuries in India. The cow is treated as holy animal and Hindu religion worshipped as Goddess. The author chosen to visit North Region of Punjab, Fategarh Sahib district, selected two villages to observe the traditional practices of cow dung and manure preparation for the villagers day today life. The field visit the author interviewed the Sarpanches (Panchayat President’s) and gathered the information socio economic demographic variables and health of villagers and communicable diseases data of the people. It is reported that there is no incidence of specific and periodic diseases occurred for past years. The author observed the practice of cow dung and manure preparation for long time it enhances the ecological environment and thus prevent the diseases and promote the health of people and positive atmosphere of community climate.

• 1.   Merriam-Webster. Cowpat [Internet]. Springfield (MA): Merriam-Webster; [cited 2015 Feb 14].
• 2.   Ayurveda Sedona. Holy cow: importance of cow in Hinduism and sacred Ayurvedic texts - sattvic milk and dairy products [Internet]. Sedona (AZ): Ayurveda Sedona; [cited 2026 Feb 6].
• 3.   Jain R. Cow dung and urine 'healthy' [Internet]. The Telegraph. 2010 Mar 8 [cited 2019 Nov 13
• 4.   John J. Godhan Nyay Yojana: first-of-its-kind Godhan Nyay Yojana launched in Chhattisgarh [Internet]. Times of India. 2020 Jul 20 [cited 2026 Feb 6
• 5.   Statista Research Department. Cattle population in India [Internet]. Hamburg: Statista; 2022 Mar 16 [cited 2026 Feb 6].
• 6.   Jonker JS, Kohn RA. Using milk urea nitrogen to evaluate diet formulation and environmental impact on dairy farms. ScientificWorldJournal. 2001;1:852–9.
• 7.   Wikipedia. Cattle [Internet]. [cited 2026 Feb 6]. Facts and Details. Cows in India [Internet]. [cited 2026 Feb 6].
• 8.   Hockings P. Encyclopedia of world cultures: volume 3 South Asia. Levinson D, editor. New York: G.K. Hall & Company; 1994.
• 9.   Lalitha KVS. A review on beneficial effects of cow dung. Int J Curr Res. 2019;11(4):2771–3.
• 10.   Nene YL. Seed health in ancient and medieval history and its relevance to present-day agriculture. Asian Agri-Hist. 1999;3:157–84.
• 11.   Sharma B, Singh M. Isolation and characterization of bacteria from cow dung of desi cow breed on different morpho-biochemical parameters in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. Int J Adv Pharm Biol Chem. 2015;4:276–81.
• 12.   Macdonell AA, Keith AB. Vedic index of names and subjects. 1st ed. Varanasi: Motilal Banarsidass; 2007.
• 13.   True Ayurveda. Real ghee, real qualities, real effects [Internet]. WordPress; 2012 Feb 8 [cited 2026 Feb 6].
• 14.   Randhawa GK, Kullar JS. Bioremediation of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and petrochemicals with Gomeya/cow dung. ISRN Pharmacol. 2011;2011:362459.
• 15.   Somvanshi R. Veterinary medicine and animal keeping in ancient India. Asian Agri-Hist. 2006;10(2):133–46.
• 16.   Chauhan RS, Singh BP, Singhal LK. Immunomodulation with Kamdhenu Ark in mice. J Immunol Immunopathol. 2001;7(1):89–92.
• 17.   Jain NK, Gupta VB, Garg R, Silawat N. Efficacy of cow urine therapy on various cancer patients in Mandsaur District, India - a survey. Int J Green Pharm. 2010;4(1):29–35.
• 18.   Bhattacharya D, Bibalani GH, Samadiyan V, Pouyanfar M, Mohanta PK, Pradhan PK, et al. COVID-2019 and Indian medicine sources: drug discovery attempt. Indian J Nat Sci. 2020;10(61):27541–52.

Data Sharing Statement

Funding