Abstract

This paper explores the role of cultural nationalism in shaping the trajectory of national development in India through a critical examination of the ideology and activities of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). Founded in 1925, the RSS has emerged as one of the most influential socio-cultural organizations in India, deeply rooted in the concept of Bharatiyata (Indianness). Drawing on the principles of discipline, selfless service (sewa), and national pride, the RSS promotes a form of cultural nationalism that seeks to unite diverse communities under a shared civilizational ethos. The study investigates how the RSS’s ideological framework centered on the revival of indigenous traditions, promotion of national unity, and social cohesion has contributed to India’s development, particularly in sectors such as education, rural upliftment, disaster relief, and value-based nation-building. It also examines criticisms and controversies surrounding the organization’s influence, especially regarding pluralism and secularism in a democratic framework. Through a combination of historical analysis, case studies, and review of scholarly literature, the paper offers a balanced perspective on how the RSS’s cultural nationalism intersects with development goals in contemporary India. The findings suggest that while the RSS has significantly mobilized civil society and instilled a strong sense of national identity, its impact must be understood in the broader context of India’s pluralistic society and evolving democratic values.

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