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Indian Journal of Legal Medicine 05(01):p 21-29, JAN-JUNE 2026. | DOI: https://doi.org/10.21088/ijlm.2348.9987.5126.3
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Incorporating AI Ethics into Legal Structures: A Comprehensive Strategy for Privacy and Governance
Arun Kumar, Ritu Singh, Rashmi Pathak
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Indian Journal of Legal Medicine 05(01):p 21-29, JAN-JUNE 2026. | DOI: https://doi.org/10.21088/ijlm.2348.9987.5126.3
How Cite This Article:
Arun Kumar, Ritu Singh, Rashmi Pathak. Incorporating AI Ethics into Legal Structures: A Comprehensive Strategy for Privacy and Governance. Indi J of Legal Medi. 2026; 5(1): 21–29.Timeline
Received : March 16, 2026
Accepted : April 18, 2026
Published : June 30, 2026
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an evolving field of computer science dedicated to creating systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as reasoning, decision-making, and perception. Since John McCarthy coined the term in 1956, AI has undergone substantial transformation, characterized by alternating periods of innovation and stagnation. The resurgence of AI since 2010, driven by enhanced computational power, affordable graphics processors, and extensive annotated data, has positioned it as a central force in global digital transformation. This research paper examines AI’s evolution, diverse applications, and implications across governance, business, and education, with special attention to India’s growing adoption landscape. Despite promising advancements in productivity and creativity, ethical challenges related to privacy, consent, and accountability persist. Comparative analysis of global regulatory frameworks including the EU AI Act, U.S. privacy laws, and China’s Administrative Measures on Generative AI provides insight into evolving governance models. The paper further explores India’s legal environment, encompassing the Information Technology Act of 2000, the Digital Data Protection Act of 2023, and national initiatives such as AIRAWAT. While India lacks an AI-specific legal structure, its policy initiatives and expanding digital infrastructure reflect strong potential for ethical AI integration. The study concludes that a balance between technological innovation, human-centric ethics, and adaptive regulation is essential for steering AI towards sustainable, inclusive, and responsible development in an increasingly data-driven world.
References
- 1. Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India, (2017) 10 SCC 1.
- 2. Gramophone Company of India Ltd. v. Super Cassettes Industries Ltd., 1995 (2) Arb LR 170 (Del).
- 3. Ani Media Pvt Ltd vs Open AI [CS(COMM) 1028/2024]
- 4. Narendra Kumar Goswami v. Union of India & Ors., 2018 SCC OnLine Del 10581.
- 5. Kumar Sanu Bhattacharjee v. Jammable Limited & Ors., 2024 SCC OnLine Del 4662.
- 6. https://rejolut.com/blog/history-of-ai/
- 7. European Union AI Act
- 8. The Texas Data Privacy and Security Act
- 9. The California Consumer Privacy
- 10. https://www.livelaw.in/tags/openai
- 11. https://legallypresent.in/delhi-high-courtprotects-personality-rights/
Data Sharing Statement
There are no additional data available. All raw data and code are available upon request.
Funding
This research received no funding.
Author Contributions
Whether all authors contributed significantly to the work and approve its publication.
Ethics Declaration
This article does not involve any human or animal subjects, and therefore does not require ethics approval.
Acknowledgements
We would like to express our gratitude to the patients, their families, and all those who have contributed to this study.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
About this article
Cite this article
Arun Kumar, Ritu Singh, Rashmi Pathak. Incorporating AI Ethics into Legal Structures: A Comprehensive Strategy for Privacy and Governance. Indi J of Legal Medi. 2026; 5(1): 21–29.
Licence:
Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)This license
enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any
medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as
attribution is given to the creator.
| Received | Accepted | Published |
|---|---|---|
| March 16, 2026 | April 18, 2026 | June 30, 2026 |
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21088/ijlm.2348.9987.5126.3
Keywords
Artificial IntelligenceGeminiDigital PrivacyAI and GovernanceLegal AICCPAGDPAGhibli ArtInformation Technology Act2000DeepfakesInformation Technology Act 2000Personality RightsAI-PrivacySearch for Similar Articles
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Timeline
| Received | March 16, 2026 |
| Accepted | April 18, 2026 |
| Published | June 30, 2026 |
licence
Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
This license
enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any
medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as
attribution is given to the creator.
