Descriptive Analysis

Description: The result of the descriptive analysis revealedthehighestlevelofself-efficacyinthe participants of group B (36-55 years) followed by group A (16-35 years). The participants of groupCshowedlowself-efficacy.VASscore was found to be lowest in the participants of group B (5.71 ± 1.24). The participants of group B also exhibited lowest scores in all three domains (depression, anxiety and stress) of DASS-21 compared to group A and group C.

Test for normality

Description: The test of normality utilizing both Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Shapiro-Wilk test showed absence of normality for PSEQ scores, VAS scores, DASS-21 (depression), DASS-21 (anxiety) and DASS-21 (stress). Hence, Kruskal-Wallis test was utilized to compare the variables across the groups. The results of test of normality are tabulated in table 2.

Kruskal-Wallistest

Description: The analysis of variance of the outcome measures across the groups revealed presence of statistically significant difference in the scores of PSEQ (p<0.01), VAS (p<0.01), DASS21 (Depression) (p<0.01), DASS-21 (Anxiety) (p<0.01) and DASS-21 (stress) (p<0.01) across the groups. The results otress) (p<0.01) across the groups. The results of Kruskal-Wallis test is represented in table 3.

Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Journal

Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Journal

Descriptive Analysis

Test for normality

Kruskal-Wallistest