Abstract

India, the world’s largest democracy, has witnessed frequent elections at different levels, leading to significant administrative, economic, and governance challenges. The idea of One Nation, One Election (ONOE) proposes synchronizing elections for the LokSabha and State Legislative Assemblies to streamline the electoral process, enhance governance efficiency, and reduce financial and logistical burdens. This reform has been a subject of debate, with proponents highlighting its potential to ensure stability, policy continuity, and reduced election-related disruptions, while critics argue it may undermine federalism and political diversity. The ONOE model draws from historical precedents, as India initially conducted simultaneous elections from 1951 to 1967. However, the dissolution of some state governments led to staggered elections, disrupting this practice. Over the years, increasing election frequency has resulted in policy paralysis, high expenditure, and governance inefficiencies, prompting renewed discussions on the feasibility of restoring simultaneous elections. From a governance perspective, frequent elections disrupt policy implementation as the Model Code of Conduct (MCC) is enforced, restricting the government from making policy decisions. A unified election cycle could promote policy stability and long-term planning, enabling governments to focus on development rather than short-term electoral gains.

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