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Climate Change and Apple Cultivation in India

Ravi Kiran , Ravi Kiran

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Indian Journal of Biology 8(2):p 65-68, July-December 2021. | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijb.2394.1391.8221.3

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Ravi Kiran/ Climate Change and Apple Cultivation in India/Indian J Biol 2021; 8(2):65–68.
 

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Abstract

Apple crop is highly sensitive to weather stress. Temperature plays an important role on successful production of apple in temperate regions. This crop requires very specific temperature at its different stages. The average summer temperature should be around 21-24oC during active growth period. Apple succeeds best in regions where the trees experience uninterrupted rest in winter and abundant sunshine for good colour development. It can be grown at an altitude of 1500- 2700 m above the sea level. Bud dormancy, break and development are affected by variation in temperature. The amount of cold needed by a plant to resume normal spring growth following the winter period is referred to as its "chilling requirement." Buds remain dormant until they have accumulated sufficient chilling units of cold weather. Apple also requires accumulated heat units for onset of flowering. Mean maximum temperature in February, March and April is found to be most important variable in apple yield prediction in Indian conditions. Besides, above ground temperature, variations in soil thermal regimes also impact on tree physiology. Fruiting is also a temperature driven process. Frost can damage the full bloom stage up to 60-70% crop when temperature is around -2.2OC. Spring frost is not damaging as much as winter frost. In the changing climatic scenarios, apple production in Uttrakhand is unquestionably going to be affected in forthcoming days.

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Ravi Kiran/ Climate Change and Apple Cultivation in India/Indian J Biol 2021; 8(2):65–68.
 

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijb.2394.1391.8221.3

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