Kinjal Upadhyay Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, St. Xaviers College (Autonomous), Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
Nisarg Kumar Teli B.Sc Student, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, St. Xaviers College (Autonomous), Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
Address for correspondence: Kinjal Upadhyay, Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, St. Xaviers College (Autonomous), Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India E-mail: kinjal.upadhyay@sxca.edu.in
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Nisarg Kumar Teli, Kinjal Upadhyay. CAR-T Immunotherapy Against Cancer. Ind J Canc Educ Res 2024;12(2):63-73.
Timeline
Received : September 24, 2024
Accepted : November 12, 2024
Published : December 25, 2024
Abstract
Treatments like chemotherapy for cancer have less efficiency and specificity than required; immunotherapy provides one of the best means to have specific and more efficient treatment. With the great advancement in molecular biology, immunology, and cancer biology specific treatments like CAR-T immunotherapy have been introduced. Out of the
various cancer immunotherapies discussed here, CAR-T immunotherapy provides the most promising results against certain cancers. CAR-T therapy has been discussed in detail with fundamental discussions of the immune system’s role in cancer and cancer immunotherapy. CAR-T immunotherapy a version of adoptive cell transfer therapy has given outstanding results that were beyond expectations. Some of them are discussed with minute details on CAR-T immunnnotherapy in this paper.
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Data Sharing Statement
There are no additional data available. All raw data and code are available upon request.
Funding
This research received no funding.
Author Contributions
All authors contributed significantly to the work and approve its publication.
Ethics Declaration
This article does not involve any human or animal subjects, and therefore does not require ethics approval.
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Dr. Sudeshna Menon (Head of the Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College Autonomous, Ahmedabad) for providing this opportunity to accomplish by providing us with all kinds of support and resources required for our work.
Conflicts of Interest
No conflicts of interest in this work.
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Cite this article
Nisarg Kumar Teli, Kinjal Upadhyay. CAR-T Immunotherapy Against Cancer. Ind J Canc Educ Res 2024;12(2):63-73.
This license enables
reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium
or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is
given to the creator.
This license enables
reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium
or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is
given to the creator.
Description: one of the most common CARs has the parts of both monoclonal antibodies and the TCR complex. The interaction of CARs with tumor antigens initiates the signal transduction to activate the T- cells.
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Description: General structure of Chimeric Antigen Receptor. Adapted from (Skorka et al., 2020)
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Description: Transgenic TCR and 3 generations of CARs. As per the figure it can be seen that the main difference between the generations of CARs is the number of co-stimulatory domains and with the increase in the number of co-stimulatory
domains the efficiency and the range of CARs increase. Adapted from (June et al., 2018)
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Description: CAR-T cells are injected into the bloodstream where these cells undergo extensive proliferation and then they travel to the location of the tumor. After reaching the tumor site, these cells recognize tumor antigens presented on tumor cells and will eliminate tumor cells. But the elimination of tumor cells will result in antigen release which will further activate immune response by antigen presentation. Adapted from (June & Sadelain, 2018)
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Description: Different clinical trials for different cancers with different generations of CARs
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Description: Different clinical trials for different cancers with different generations of CARs