Abstract

Background: Rajasthan, India, faces a rising burden of cancer. Real-time hospitalbased data offer insight where population-level registry coverage is incomplete. Objective: To analyze the cancer incidence, distribution, and patterns using ICDcoded data from a leading tertiary cancer center in Jaipur for the year 2024. Methods: All patients diagnosed with cancer at Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital (BMCH), Jaipur, in 2024 were included. ICD-10 codes were analyzed for primary site distribution, patient demographics, geographic origin, and compared with Indian national estimates and registry data. Results: Among 10,363 cancer diagnoses (out of 14,911 hospital registrations, conversion 69.5%), the five most common cancers were of the lip, oral cavity and pharynx (26.89%), digestive organs (15.45%), respiratory and intrathoracic organs (10.02%), breast (11.38%), and female genital organs (8.41%). The estimated annual crude incidence rate for Rajasthan, extrapolated from BMCH data, is approximately 134.6 per 100,000, exceeding India’s 2025 estimate of 113. Geographic distribution reveals the highest incidence in Jaipur district (332/100,000). Unusually, in the polluted Sanganer region, female cancers predominated (65%). Conclusion: Cancer incidence in Rajasthan, extrapolated from comprehensive hospital ICD codes, exceeds the national average. The Sanganer anomaly warrants further study into environmental exposures and sex-specific risk.

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