RFP Journal of ENT and Allied Sciences

Mucoceles of the paranasal sinuses are defined as cystic expansile lesions (Lageback in 1820). Rollet in 1909 coined the term mucocele. Mucocelesare most commonly found in the frontal sinus (60–65%) butcan also occur in ethmoidsinuses (around 25%), sphenoid sinus (1–2%) and maxillary sinus (10%). The etiopathogenesis of PNS mucocele is multifactorial with most common causes being allergy, inflammation and trauma or less commonly it can be secondary to neoplastic lesions in PNS which are obstructing the sinus ostia.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) significantly impacts the quality of life in pediatric patients, particularly when symptoms persist despite adenoidectomy and optimal medical therapy. Balloon catheter dilation (BCD) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), offering potential benefits in symptom resolution and safety. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of BCD in children with refractory CRS. Methods: A total of 50 pediatric patients (ages 4–12) with persistent CRS following adenoidectomy were included. Patients underwent BCD, and symptom improvement was assessed using the Sinonasal 5 (SN-5) questionnaire at 3, 12, 24, and 52 weeks post-operatively. Success was defined as a ≥0.5-point reduction in SN-5 scores. Complications were monitored, and statistical significance was determined (p < 0.05).  Results: A significant improvement in SN-5 scores was observed, with a mean reduction of 1.8 points (p < 0.001). The success rate was 85%, with 45% experiencing significant improvement (>1.5-point reduction), 25% moderate improvement (1.0– 1.4), and 15% mild improvement (0.5–0.9). Only 15% were classified as surgical failures. The overall complication rate was 12%, with minor intraoperative events, including mucosal trauma (2%) and self-limiting bleeding (2%). Postoperative complications included nasal congestion (4%), mild epistaxis (2%), and sinus infection (4%). No major adverse events were reported, and only 4% required additional surgical intervention. Conclusion: BCD is a safe and effective intervention for pediatric CRS patients unresponsive to adenoidectomy, offering substantial symptom relief with minimal complications. It presents a promising alternative to more invasive surgical options.

Background: Oral Leukoplakia is a common pre-cancerous condition observed worldwide which often leaves physician in dilemma regarding its benign or malignant nature. Biopsy is the method followed to rule out its malignant nature which is invasive and painful. Patient has to wait for the histopathology report which is usually available after a week, and sometimes even a repeat biopsy is needed. Methods: Here we did a detailed prospective study on morphological characteristics of 156 patients of oral leukoplakia and compared these with the biopsy outcome. Results were analysed statistically by chi square test using IBM SSPS 28 package and p values were calculated. P values less than 0.05 were taken to be significant. Results: Smoking and tobacco chewing habits, age of patient, duration, location, margins, tenderness, texture, tendency to peel easily and Induration of Oral Leukoplakia were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Complete morphological description of Oral Leukoplakia provides significant insight to its nature during its first encounter with the physician, with confirmatory results provided by the biopsy

Introduction: Adenoidectomy is a widely performed surgical procedure for managing chronic adenoid hypertrophy, which can contribute to nasal obstruction, recurrent otitis media, and obstructive sleep apnea in children. Conventional curettage adenoidectomy has been the standard technique; however, concerns regarding residual adenoid tissue, intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative morbidity have led to the adoption of newer techniques, including Coblation, Microdebrider-assisted, Suction Diathermy, and Endoscopic-assisted adenoidectomy. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of these techniques with conventional curettage adenoidectomy in terms of intraoperative blood loss, operative time, residual adenoid tissue, and postoperative complications. Materials and Methods: This prospective, comparative study included 100 pediatric patients (aged 3–12 years) undergoing adenoidectomy. Patients were randomly assigned to one of five groups: Conventional curettage, Coblation, Microdebrider assisted, Suction Diathermy, and Endoscopic-assisted adenoidectomy. Primary outcomes assessed included operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and completeness of adenoid removal via postoperative endoscopy. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain scores, time to resume normal diet, and complications such as bleeding and velopharyngeal insufficiency. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, with significance set at p <0.05.Results: Coblation demonstrated the shortest operative time (9.7 minutes), significantly lower intraoperative blood loss (20.5 ml), and the least residual adenoid tissue (15%) compared to conventional curettage (20.1 minutes, 50.9 ml blood loss, and 70% residual tissue). Postoperative pain scores were lowest in the Coblation group (3.6), whereas the highest was observed in the conventional curettage group (6.3). The complication rate was lowest in Coblation (5%) compared to Conventional (20%) and Suction Diathermy (25%). Conclusion: Coblation adenoidectomy offers significant advantages over conventional curettage, including reduced operative time, minimal intraoperative blood loss, and lower residual adenoid tissue with fewer complications. These findings suggest that Coblation may be the preferred technique for pediatric adenoidectomy. However, further long-term studies are warranted to validate these findings.