Pediatric Education and Research

Adjustment is a built-in way to deal with a problem or other life facts. Adjustments were taken as an indication of integration; harmonious human behavior is when another person in society sees the person being properly corrected. Adjustment begins from childhood. Adjustment is not as simple as adapting to a new environment or environment. It is actually a process of behavior in which humans and other animals maintain a balance between their various needs or between their needs and the barriers of their environment. Common problems in coping with stress, alcohol abuse, suicide (Tried and Ended), drug abuse, bipolar affective disorder, violence, murder, rape, robbery, serious assault, child abuse, sexual abuse, phobia (Social phobia), behavioral disorders and mental illness.

Introduction: Portentous pandemic of COVID-19 chaos has caused incredulous insult on human race. COVID-19 infection in pregnant women is as same as other reproductive age group. Data is limited on perinatal COVID-19 transmission; in this study we report a case of innate COVID-19 infection in a neonate with post covid sequel. Methodology: Prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care centre. Results: A 21 year old pregnant women at her 32 weeks of gestation was tested positive for COVID-19 (RTPCR), she had asymptomatic course, delivered a baby with features of Hydrops fetalis. Baby showed elevated levels of anti SARS CoV antibodies. We hypothesise causality of Hydrops fetalis could be innate COVID-19 infection. Discussion: Hydrops fetalis has classically been defined as the presence of extracellular fluid in at least two fetal body compartments. Across the globe, there are two reported cases of Hydrops fetalis. In first case there was fetal demise at 13 weeks of gestation with changes of Hydrops fetalis, viral particle in the placenta and amniotic fluid was demonstrated. In second case a preterm baby was delivered at 35 weeks of gestation with changes of Hydrops fetalis, where mother had recovered from COVID-19 infection during pregnancy.

Background: Febrile seizure is an important cause of hospitalisation and morbidity among toddlers and young infants. Various studies have been undertaken in the past to find the association between febrile seizures and several biochemical parameters such as serum Sodium, serum Albumin etc. Objectives: To study the association between levels of serum sodium, calcium, potassium, glucose, zinc and febrile seizures. Methods: This hospital based case control study included patients aged 6 months to 5 years admitted with fever and seizures at a tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of 6 months. Baseline demographic parameters were collected and serum Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Zinc and random blood sugar estimation was done. Results: A total of 100 cases and 100 controls were included (boys:girls = 2:1). Mean age of cases was 22.39 months while that of controls was 23.29 months. Mean Serum Sodium, Serum Potassium and Serum Zinc levels were found to be lower among cases which was statistically significant. No significant difference could be found between the two groups with respect to mean Random blood sugar and mean serum Calcium. Conclusions: Serum Sodium, serum Potassium, and serum Zinc levels are significantly lower among children with febrile seizures in comparison to children with fever without convulsion, indicating that deficiency of Sodium, Potassium, and Zinc plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures. There is a significant lack of awareness regarding febrile seizure and intermittent prophylaxis of febrile convulsion among the parents. Serum sodium levels and serum calcium levels are predictors of recurrence of febrile seizures.