Pediatric Education and Research

Hemophilia A is usually diagnosed once the infant starts cruising. This makes it challenging to diagnose the condition in early infancy. We report a case of 4 months old male child who presented with resolvable swellings on the trunk. Patient had family history of bilateral painful knee swellings in his maternal uncle. Thus patient was suspected to have a bleeding disorder which was confirmed by laboratory testing of coagulation profile and factor VIII levels.

Keywords: Hemophilia A; Infant; Swelling.
 

Background: Febrile seizures are the most common type of seizure in the first 5 years of life, and many factors that increase seizure risk have been identified. Iron deficiency anemia is preventable and treatable disease. Objectives: To study association between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizures. Methods: A prospective case control
study was performed in 50 cases of febrile seizures and 50 controls with febrile illness without any seizures. Their temperature, age, sex were recorded and laboratory hematological parameters hemoglobin, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) and serum ferritin values were collected and analyzed statistically with SPSS Version 20.0. Results: Hemoglobin, MCV,MCH,MCHC,RDW and serum ferritin were significantly lower in children with febrile seizures compared to the controls(p value <0.001). Iron deficiency, defined as ferritin <30ng/mL, was more prevalent in the febrile seizure group (50%) than in the control group (12%). In the study the mean age of onset of febrile seizures is 22 months. Conclusion: From the current hospital based study we have concluded that, iron deficiency anemia was more frequent among children with febrile seizures. The result suggests that iron deficiency anemia may be a risk factor for febrile seizures. Screening for IDA should be considered in children with febrile seizures. All the investigations carried out to evaluate iron deficiency anemia were significantly lower. This suggests that iron deficient children are more prone for febrile seizures.

Keywords: Anemia; Febrile seizures; Iron deficiency.
 

Context: Kalaburgi is an endemic area of dengue virus infection. Aims: To study levels and to establish correlation between severity of DVI with serum electrolyte and troponin T. Design: Hospital based prospective study. Methods and materialss: Children between 1 month t-18 years with ELISA IgM positive dengue cases. Statistical analysis used: Data was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and SPSS 20.0 software was used for analysis. Results: Mean age group was 1-5 years (31.9%). 55.55% were male and 44.44% were female. 30 (41.7%) were DF, 14 (19.4%) were DHF and 28 (38.9%) were among DSS group. Fever was the most consistent compliant. Ascites (26.4%), pleural effusion (25%) and cold peripheries (25%) were most common signs. Mean serum sodium was 134.8mEq/L. Mean serum potassium was 3.73mEq/L. Elevated cTnT levels were present in 27.7% cases. Mortality rate was 17.8%. Conclusion: Mild hyponatremia and hypokalemia were common electrolyte disturbances. There was statistically very significant difference in mean serum sodium and serum potassium levels between DF and DSS (p value<0.001), with decreasing serum sodium levels there was an increasingly associated complications. Level of cTnT was highest among DSS followed by DHF and it was within the normal limits among DF cases. There were highest number of mortality among DSS group followed by DHF group and no mortality among DF group.

Keywords: cTnT; DF; DHF and DSS.
 

Context: India is home to the greatest population of severely malnourished children in the world. Aims: To evaluate the clinico-epidemiological profile and co-morbidities of SAM children. To identify sociodemographic risk factors of SAM. Settings and Design: Prospective hospital based case study. Methods and Material: Study conducted from 1st Nov 2017 to 30th April 2019 included were children less than 5 years admitted to indoor pediatric ward and satisfying the WHO definition of SAM. Statistical analysis used: Data was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and SPSS software version 16 for windows was used for analysis. Results: Mean age of admitted children was 15.21±8.54 months. Male: female ratio was 1:1.22. Most common associated infections were acute respiratory tract infections (35.27%), and diarrhoea (31.75%). Anemia was an important co-morbidity (83.52%). Hypokalemia was the most common metabolic disturbance noted Mean duration of exclusive breast feeding was 3.1± 1.8 months. Most commonly used supplementary food was over diluted cow milk (43.67%). Conclusion: The findings of this study confirm the association of severe acute malnutrition with in appropriate infant and young child feeding practices. The problem of SAM is multidimensional (rural background, low socioeconomic status, maternal illiteracy, incomplete immunization etc) and tertiary care centres and NRC provide life-saving care for children.

Keywords: SAM; WHO; Anemia; Tertiary Care Centre.