Journal of Radiology

Background: Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths presently, representing about 23% of all cancer cases and approximately 18% percent of deaths in Nigeria. It is estimated that 26,310 new cases occurred in 2018. Clinical breast examination (CBE) is a physical examination that is carried out by a health care provider in an attempt at early detection of breast abnormality and diseases. Healthcare practitioners also use mammogram to assess early signs of breast cancer.

Aim: To assess the practice of CBE, awareness and use of mammography as a breast cancer screening method amongst female students in a tertiary institution in South-South, Nigeria.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study done amongst female students of the Federal University Otuoke from January to March 2018. Simple random sampling technique by simple balloting was used in the selection of the respondents until sample size was achieved. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS version 23.

Results: Majority, 215 (54.6%) has never had CBE; Few, 78 (19.8%) of the respondents had CBE in the last three months; 35 (8.9%) in the last 1 year; 66 (16.8%) had it in the last 2 years. A total of 179 (45.4%) of respondents have had CBE at one time in the last two years. Majority, 287 (73.8%) haven’t heard of mammography; 102 (26.2%) have heard of it; majority, 132 (78.6%) have never done it; while 18 (10.7%) did it in the last three months; 6 (3.6%) did it in the last one year; 12 (7.1%) did itin the last two years. A total of 36 (21.4%) did it in last two years.

Conclusion: There was low level of practice of CBE; very low awareness and use of breast mammography as a breast cancer screening method. There is need for more advocacy and education of the general population as regards breast cancer screening methods.

Gynecomastia is the benign enlargement of male breast glandular tissue and is the most common breast condition in males. At least 30% of males will be affected during their life. Since it causes anxiety, psychosocial discomfort and fear of breast cancer, early diagnostic evaluation is important and patients usually seek medical attention. Gynecomastia was reported to cause an imbalance between oestrogen and androgen action or an increased oestrogen to androgen ratio, due to increased oestrogen production, decreased androgen production or both. Evaluation of gynecomastia must include a detailed medical history, clinical examination, specific blood tests, imaging and tissue sampling. Individual treatment requirements can range from simple reassurance to medical treatment or even surgery. The main aim of any intervention is to relieve the symptoms and exclude other etiological factors. Preoperative imaging done with ultrasound breast tissue to assess the component of breast tissue which helps in planning the surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging is useful in the quantification amount of tissue and lesions before surgery in a three-dimensional way. In this case report we will assess the role of Magnetic resonance imaging in preoperative assessment of gynecomastia.

Keywords: Gynecomastia; Magnetic resonance imaging; Assessment.

Several explosives detecting technologies are now available or in development that could aid in the security of systems. While these technologies show promise in some situations, their environmental limits must be recognised, and their application adapted to individual systems. With several conventional explosive hazards, proven technologies such as handheld, desktop, and kit based trace detection systems, x-ray imaging systems, and canines have proved good detection capacity, and some are in use. While newer technologies like as explosive trace portals, improved imaging technology, and standoff detection systems are available, they are still in the early phases of development, and more operational experience would be required to evaluate how well they will function if deployed. When implementing any of these technologies to secure, it's critical to consider both the underlying technology' inherent limits as well as the security implications. Other factors to consider include throughput, portability, and durability and station physical space constraints.

Various energy sources are available in medical fields for multiple applications. Radiofrequency energy has been used in a variety of medical sectors and applications. Radiofrequency is now the foundation of a wide range of medical devices used in practically all medical professions. Its regionally concentrated effects make it particularly useful in a variety of minimally invasive procedures. In this case report we are assessing the role of radiofrequency electro surgery in raising the keystone flap.

Keywords: Radiofrequency; Keystone flap; Energy sources.

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths presently, representing about 23% of all cancer cases and approximately 18% percent of deaths are attributed to it in Nigeria. It is presently the most prevalent kind of cancer worldwide, with 2.26 million cases reported in 2020. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a way to watch for signs of breast cancer. It is a step-by-step process women can use to examine their breasts. By looking at, and feeling their breasts regularly, they can observe abnormal changes.

Aim: To assess the awareness of breast cancer and practice of breast self-examination amongst female students in a tertiary institution in South-South Nigeria.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study done amongst female students of the Federal University Otuoke from January to March 2018. Simple random sampling technique by simple balloting was used in the selection of the respondents until sample size was achieved. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS version 23.

Results: Most, 406 (95.8%) of the respondents have heard about breast cancer. Just 52.1% of the respondents practice Breast self-examination (BSE) and 203 (47.9%) do not. Amongst those that practice BSE, majority 113 (54.1%) do it at least once a month. Amongst those that do not practice BSE, 48 (27.6%) do not consider it important. Age, ethnic group/tribe and the religion of respondents have a statistically significant association with been aware of breast cancer and also with practice of BSE (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Awareness about breast cancer was very high but practice of breast self-examination was on the average. There is need for more education on the risks of the disease in the general population and the need for early detection by practicing BSE and other screening measures.

Keywords: Awareness; Breast Cancer; Breast Self-Examination; Female students; South-South; Nigeria.