Journal of Nurse Midwifery and Maternal Health

Pregnancy and Tuberculosis (TB) are two different kind of stresses which experienced by a female. Their presence affects them both mentally and physically. In India TB is the highest burden. According to World Health Organization in 2016, TB statistics for India estimated incidence 2.79 million cases of TB for India and Worldwide, Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. It is mostly significant in developing countries like India where the disease is endemic. Tuberculosis is an important cause of menstrual irregularity, pregnancy loss, and infertility and in association with pregnancy, morbidity increases to both the mother and child. During pregnancy tuberculosis diagnosis can be difficult because of the non-specific nature of the symptoms such as: shortness of breath, sweating, fatigue and tired and all characteristic of TB, can also be due to pregnancy. So this review presents the effects of tuberculosis in pregnancy with prevalence, Diagnosis and screening of tuberculosis for pregnant women. Management of the underlying disease in a pregnant woman requires great care and for active tuberculosis, first-line drugs treatment is normally safe and improves maternal and neonatal outcome.

Keywords: Tuberculosis (TB); Effects; Pregnancy.

Introduction: Partogram is widely used under resourced setting as a simple and affordable tool to monitor labor. The partograph is legal records and may be examined by any court up to a period of twenty five years and is developed for uses in hospital setting. The use of partograph by the WHO significantly improves the maternal and neonatal outcome of labor and is therefore recommended worldwide. Structure teaching programme used to teach the staff nurses regarding partograph. Aim: The aim of this narrative review is to find information on the effectiveness of structure teaching programme on knowledge and practice of partograph among staff nurses working in maternity unit at. Methodology: Types of studies- Pre-experimental design- one group pre test post test design, Retrospective Review, Types of participants- staff nurses working in maternity unit. Setting: Maternity unit of sharda hospital. Outcome: This narrative review result shows that structured teaching programme on knowledge and practice regarding partograph increase the level of knowledge and practice of staff nurses.

Keywords: Knowledge and practice; Partograph; and Staff nurses.

Background of the study: The normal menstrual cycle is about four weeks long, and often follows the phases of the moon. Its length varies from three to seven days, but is usually consistent. However, girls and teenagers who menstruate are usually irregular. For most women, a normal menstrual cycle ranges from 21 to 35 days.1 However, 14% to 25% of women have irregular menstrual cycles, meaning the cycles are shorter or longer than normal; are heavier or lighter than normal; or are experienced with other problems, like abdominal cramps. Irregular cycles can be ovulatory, meaning that ovulation occurs, or anovulatory, meaning ovulation does not occur. Objectives: To assess the pre-test knowledge on menstrual irregularity among adolescent girls in selected high school. To assess the post test knowledge on menstrual irregularity among adolescent girls in selected high school. To evaluate the effectiveness of structure teaching programme on knowledge regarding menstrual irregularity among adolescent girls in selected high school. To find out the association between the pre-test knowledge score with selected demographic variables. Methods: The study involved evaluative approach and one group pre and post test only without control group research design with simple random sampling technique. And data has collected through structured knowledge quesionnarie. Results: As per the study findings 3.33% adolescent girls had inadequate knowledge, 76.67% had moderate level of knowledge and 20% had adequate level of knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene. In all demographic factors age in years of adolescent girls, educational status of mother, educational status of father, number of elder sisters statistically not associated with their pre-test knowledge score and there is association of pre test knowledge score with religion, type of family, monthly family income, age of menarche and source of information. The present statistically shows the enhancement of 11.07 in mean, 0.7 in standard deviation with the ‘z‘ value of 29.19 at 0.05 level of significance. It was inferred that there was significant enhancement in knowledge score after structure teaching program.

Keywords: Adolescent; Menstrual irregularity; Chi-Square Test; Knowledge; Structure teaching programme.

Introduction: Acupressure is the traditional Chinese medicine, which has proved its efficiency all over the world. This study aims at assessing the effect of LI4 Acupressure on perception of labour pain in the parturient women. The duration of uterine contraction was also compared between groups. Methods: Experimental approach with a pretest-posttest control group design is used for the study. The study was conducted in parturient women meeting inclusion criteria randomized in to experimental (n=20) and control (n=20). Experimental groupreceived LI4 acupressure in active phase of labour for 20 minutes during uterine contraction and women in control group received routine care. Labour pain was measured using visual analogue scale before the intervention, then at 30th minute and at 60th minute after the intervention. Corresponding with each observation, uterine contraction was monitored for 10 minutes. Results: Pain scores between the groups before the intervention was found to have no significant difference. Pain score between the groups at 30 minutes and 60 minutes after the intervention was significantly different at 0.001 level, with no significant difference in uterine contraction. Women in acupressure group reported to have a positive experience with acupressure. Conclusion: LI4 acupressure in active phase of labour was effective in reducing perception of pain during labour, with no such adverse effect on mother and baby. So it can be considered as a cost effective nursing intervention for promoting comfort during labour.

Keywords: Acupressure; LI4 Acupressure; Labour Pain.

A true experimental pre-test post-test research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on high risk factors to reduce maternal mortality among mothers in primary health centres in Bijapur district. 500 (250 experiment group & 250 as control group) pregnant mothers in second trimester were selected through multistage sampling technique. Structured interview schedule was used to collect data. Subjects were educated regarding, anatomy & physiology of reproductive system, physiology of pregnancy, Physiology of all three stages of labour, Physiology of puerperium, Characteristics of normal new born, Pre-pregnancy risk factors, Intranatal risk factors, Postnatal risk factors, Common risk factors existing in the study area, Immunization schedule, Breast feeding. Post-test was carried out on seventh day Pre-test and posttest knowledge score were analyzed using ‘t’ test with mean and standard deviation of 33.924 ± 8.513. t score of 42.169 signifies that education was effective at p < 0. 005. Knowledge score association with demographic variables such as duration of marriage, type of marriage family size and number of earning members of the family using Chi-square test were significant at p < 0.05 level.

Keywords: Knowledge; High risk factors; Maternal mortality.

Introduction: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an inflamed and infectious condition of female reproductive system. Infection spread from lower genital tract to upper genital tract. Multiple factors are involved in PID. In India, prevalence of PID among gynecological diseases is 3-10%. Rural Women in reproductive age group are more prone to PID. Methodology: In the present study, quantitative research approach was selected to conduct the study. Pre experimental approach and one group pretest posttest design were used to assess the effectiveness of Video assisted teaching module on knowledge regarding PID among married women of reproductive age group. The study was conducted in 2018 among 60 married women of selected rural community of Raipur, Dehradun. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants. Results: Out of 60 women, it was observed that majority of married women 20(33.3%) were in 34-41 years age group. Half of the participants were got married in age group of 18-21 years. Majority of the subjects 35(58.3%) had no knowledge about PID. Mostly participants 48(80%) have no family history of PID. Findings show that the mean pre test knowledge score was 12.60 with standard deviation 5.403 which increased after intervention to the mean post test knowledge score 23.13 with standard deviation 3.228. The calculated ‘t’ value (t59 = 17.524) was significantly higher than the table value. Conclusion: The study revealed that video assisted module was significantly effective to enhance the knowledge of rural women regarding PID and its prevention. There was a significant association among education, knowledge regarding PID and family history of PID with post test knowledge scores. There is a need to aware the women regarding gynecological diseases and its prevention.

Keywords: Pelvic Inflammatory disease; Video assisted teaching module; Knowledge; Prevention; Rural married women.