International Journal of Political Science

A single mother is a parent who is not living with her husband but shoulders most of the day-to-day responsibilities in raising her children. A woman can become a single mother due to death of her husband; due to abandonment, divorce or separation; due to adoption; due to birth of a child without marriage. In western societies single mother is a common phenomenon. Estimates are that there are 11 million single parent households in USA of which 80 percent are headed by women.1 According to the Institute for the Study of Civil Society children of single parents face more difficulties. Studies in the west claim that children who do not have fathers in their lives are more likely to be unhappy; engage in anti-social behavior; get involved in substance abuse and juvenile delinquency. However the case has been different in India’s past. The stories of single mothers in Indian history show that they have succeeded in raising their sons to be achievers. Mothers like Sita, Shakuntala, Ganga, Satyavati, Kunti, Hidimba, Subhadra, Mura, Hemvati were able to raise brilliant and successful sons despite being single mothers.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), initiated in 2013 is China’s flagship transcontinental infrastructure development project. The BRI, with total projected investment of $8 trillion, involves two connectivity segments: first, the land based Silk Road Economic Belt in Central Asia and Eurasia; and second the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, passing through the Indian Ocean and South Asia. According to official outline, the BRI aims to ‘promote the connectivity of Asian, European and African continents and their adjacent seas, establish and strengthen partnerships among the countries along the Belt and Road, set up all dimensional, multi-tiered and composite connectivity networks, and realize diversified, independent, balanced and sustainable development in these countries’ (BRI: 2021).1 Apparently benign in nature, however, the BRI has been also viewed as a tool of China’s strategic interests in Asia and beyond. Though the BRI is a transcontinental project, the region of South Asia surrounded by the Indian Ocean is a very crucial link in this project. It is the Indian Ocean which links the Pacific Ocean with the Mediterranean and the rest of the Europe. The Indian Ocean, encircling South Asia is China’s gateway to the external world for trade and energy supply. Thus, the South Asia and the Indian Ocean have deep strategic implications for South Asia, which cannot be missed. The paper is divided into three parts: the first part analyzes China’s grand strategy and the BRI as its strategic tool; the second part explains the nature and extent of BRI in South Asia and its strategic implications; and third part analyzes the challenges of BRI in South Asia and its future course.

Several legacies of the Indian political system have been addressed in this study. Legacies are defined as a political system's prior historical legacy. There are both official and informal political legacies. Government, Federal Structure, Diarchy, and Centralized Bureaucracy are examples of formal legacies, whereas non-formal legacies include Bandhs, Hartals, Satyagrahas, Hunger Strikes, and fast-unto-death. This study examines the historical evolution of all of these legacies. As a result, this article examines the legacies of the Indian political system in depth.

Feminism word itself is very powerful and often used in the contemporary world to assert the right of women. This paper is talk about Islamic feminism which is a subclass of feminism which explicitly emphasises and talks about the social and political empowerment of women in every sphere of life. Here paper talks about women’s empowerment in the Islamic world, especially in Egypt, Morocco, Iran and Iraq. Despite the Islamic way of life, and highly conservative society, how Islamic feminism emerged in these countries. The paper also enquires about the links between Muslim feminist approachesin Islamic society and modern Feminism in Islamic World.

It is studies about Voter knowledge and involvement before to an election, as well as what they will do to become active participants in India's democratic system. The right to vote, media attention, political interest, and Voters are influenced by political debate. Whether voter political knowledge effects their electoral participation. The findings imply that a majority of voters require greater political education. (htt1) Their level of political awareness is explained by their political interest, media consumption pattern, and frequency of political debate. The findings also show that political understanding has a limited influence on voter engagement in electoral activities.

The 73rd and 74th Amendments of the Indian Constitutions in 1992 and 1993 respectively provided for 33 percentage of reservation for women both in the Panchayath and urban local bodies. This amendment has opened a new chapter in the history of women’s fight for rights and empowerment. Women political reservation could change a political situation very drastically from the grassroots level. On March 9, 2010, the Rajya Sabha passed the Women Reservation Bill increasing women’s representationin the Local Self Government bodies (LSG). It was an outcome of fourteen years of women's struggles. Bihar was the first State to implement women reservation in Panchayath Raj level of 2005, Kerala was the sixth state to implement such a law and also Kerala declared 50% reservation in Panchayath Raj Institution on 2010 for empowering women to be the part of our politics and also been empowered all walks of their life. The present study tries to analyse political empowerment in Muslim women in Kerala after enter into the LSG in Kerala. In the past the Muslim women found themselves in a very a pathetic condition. Muslim women were despised many walks of their life due to the entrenched customs and beliefs that led them to marginalized life compared to other women in the society. The enhancement of women reservation to fifty percent led to fifty percent women elected to the PanchayathMunicipalities, corporation, Block and District Panchayath. The present study attempts to investigate the changes brought about in the status and position of Muslim women as a member in Local Self Government after getting the reservation and also how this transformation has affected them, their whole political field. It observed that they have acquired real empowerment of their entire life and in political decision-making. In this situation, the study is more feasible and significant.

Women’s movements are the movements that advocate for social, political, and cultural rights for women while also talking about empowerment and equality. The women’s movements that specifically focus on achieving gender equality and dismantling patriarchal ideologies are known as feminist movements. This paper gives a detailed account of gender and gender based discrimination along with an explanation of the major four waves of feminism and the key demarcations which differentiate all the waves from one another. This is a review based paper and the content analysis method has been used for this purpose secondary sources like books, journal articles, and newspaper reports have been used. The paper represents an analysis of the four waves of feminism in a nutshell, the first wave talked about the political rights of women while the second wave had a broader area of coverage with the slogan “personal is political”, the third wave which corrected the mistakes made by second wave feminist and worked on being inter sectional, the fourth wave integrated the ideas of the previous waves and amplified them with the help of internet while also introducing concept of body positivity. The paper concludes that feminism as movement will continue as long as women are denied their right to a dignified life with equality with equality in all walks of life.

By 2030, one large multidisciplinary college in every district this was a headline that one could not miss when the National Education Policy 2020 was announced. The headline encapsulates the bold reforms that will be implemented in the Indian higher education system. The study focus on making education multidisciplinary is a significant step that will benefit the students, and one that will have far-reaching effects. The Government of India has done a tremendous job in creating an enabling ecosystem for offering multidisciplinary education to flourish and making a difference to students, who in turn will make an impact on the future of our country. The flexibility to choose subjects from sciences and humanities with the ability will also learn fine arts and sports which offers the students a wide range of subjects to choose without the restrictions they were faced earlier. With creative combination of subjects, cutting edge curriculum, flexible options, and multiple entry and exit options during the undergraduate course, students can explore their areas of interest and also choose careers of their choice. In addition, this kind of approach will foster intellectual curiosity, a critical thought process, self-reflection, leadership and teamwork skills, a sense of commitment, professionalism and a heightened sensitivity to one's socio-cultural environment. The introduction of multidisciplinary approaches in the field of humanities, the students would be empowered, augmenting the potentiality of human resources and this paves the way for accelerating the process of social, economic and environmental development and sustainability.