International Journal of Political Science

 The BRICS has completed its 10 years, while BIMSTEC has a history of 20 years. Undoubtedly, BRICS has made remarkable progress in these 10 years. The BRICS Bank or NDB remains the biggest and brightest achievement which shows the extent of what could be achieved through this kind of groupings. During India’s chairmanship, the group has been taken forward and the network to enhance cooperation among BRICS countries has been further strengthened. After Goa, India has emerged and established itself as a more active partner among five member countries.On the other hand, despite being there for almost double of the 3’ears compared to BRICS, the BIMSTEC has yet to invent itself. India has now decided to lead the regional economic cooperation efforts against the backdrop of Pakistan’s margina Esation in South Asia. India’s outreach to , BIMSTEC during the BRICS Summit in Goa was an important signal that New Delhi is serious about its role as a facilitator of economic cooperation in South Asia. BRICS is the acronym for anassociation of five major emerging nation aleconomies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Originally the first four were groupedas ”B RIC” (or ”theBRICs”), before the induction of South Africain 2010. The BRICS mem bersa reall leading developing or newly industrialized countries, but they are distinguished by their large, some times fast­growing economies and significant influence on regional affairs; all five are G­20 members. As of 2015, the five BRICS countries represent over 3.6 billion people, or half of the world population; all five members are in thetop 25 of the world by population, and four are in the top 10. The five nations have a combined nominalGDPof US$16.6 trillion, equivalent to approximately 22% of thegross world product, combined GDP (PPP) of around US$37 trillion and an estimated US$4 trillion in combined foreign reserves.Overall the BRICS are forecasted to expand 4.6% in 2016, from an estimated growth of 3.9% in 2015. The World bank expects BRICS growth to pick up to 5.3% in 2017.The BRICS have received both praise and criticism from numerous commentators.Bilateral relations among BRICS nations have mainly been conducted on the basis of non­interference, equality, andmutual benefit. Since2009, the BRICS nations have met annually at formal summits. Russia hosted the group’s seventh su mmit in July 2015. India hosted the 8th BRICS conference in Goa on 15th and 16th Oct 2016, which was attended by Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India, Vladimir Putin, the President of Russia, Xi Jinping, the President of China, Michel Temer, the President of Brazil and Jacob Zuma, the President of South Africa. For the first time, BRICS­BIMSTEC (the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi­Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) Outreach Summit was also held simultaneously which was attended by the heads or their representatives of seven member nations, including Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Against this backdrop, an attempt has been made in this paper to examine the evolution, commercial, political, strategic and cultural dimensions of this regional grouping and its linkage with BIMSTEC. It also explore the challenges.

 In parts of the world, a relatively strong system of democratic local self­government has been a feature of the political system since the late early 20th century, though full universal suffrage often took many years of struggle to achieve. Elsewhere, however, systems of government were often highly centralized, with little local autonomy even for large conurbations. But over the last 65 years, decentralisation policies have become the norm, even if the systems of democracy and local self­government vary. The trend has indeed been global, and covers countries with widely different Grass Domestic Product (GDPs). Today, in consequence, almost all Latin American and African countries, and many Asian countries, have systems of elected local government, and the new post­ 1989 democracies of central and eastern Europe all shaped systems of local democracy. The Council of Europe’s adoption in 1986 of the European Charter of Local Self­Government gave formal international expression to this trend for the first time, and many of the Charter’s principles are also included in the Guidelines on Decentralisation and Strengthening of Local Authorities. 

Keywards: Democracy; Decentralisation; Principles; Suffrage; Strength.

 Bharat, now is in a unique position in the world its demographic dividend is that she will stand as the world’s most populous nation by 2025 and have a large proportion of those in the earning age category. It is estimated that by 2022 India will need 700 million her skilled workers to meet our economic growth needs. India’s fantastic demographic dividend needs to be harnessed by creating jobs and meeting people aspiration. Therefore, Government of India has been launching several skill programmes to bridge the gap between education and job. For example Nation skill mission (2010) Skill development (2015) Start up India(2016) and so on . Besides it, under Make in India it tries to promote private sector at large scale and create manufacturing hub . Its mission is to manufacture in India and sell the product world­ wide. In order to bridge the industry academia gap , National Skill development has developed a special model to integrate skill based training into the academic cycle of the universities. These are based on National occupational standards set by industry through sector skill councils. National skill development council is working with 21 universities , UGC and AICTE catering to more than 1200 colleges and 400 community colleges across the country. According to economic survey 2015, the present skilled workforce in India is only 2% which is much lower than other developing countries. Though the present government is working step by step and in order to make it effective; encourage the people’s participation. Working methodology is also good. But it would see that how citizens of India are considering it . This paper basically highlights the all the skill programmes formulated and launched by Government of India recently and examine and estimate how these would be result­oriented? or just become part of controversy and discussion in media and seminars.

Keywords: Not Provided

 Decentralization evolved after the failure of centralized governance of India. To achieve good governance there is a need for the distribution of powers from central to local level. It also requires rule of law, transparency, and accountability and participatory decision­making. The initiatives of decentralization will reinforce poverty reduction policies. Kerala is the best example where the state government has given power to the local government in the decision­making. Jharkhand in spite of being a rich source of minerals, there is an unequal distribution of wealth, which leads the majority of the population into a vicious circle of poverty. Objectives: The aim of the study is to examine the role of local governance of Jharkhand in the term of economic performance and policy formulation in poverty reduction. Methodology: Empirical study consists of Hisri­Chauli village of Ranchi districts. Sources of data are both primary and secondary including field finding, government reports, international institution gazettes, article, journal, books, etc. Analysis: This study seeks to analyze the poverty reduction strategies in local governance simultaneously concentrating on the anti­poverty programs in rural areas. onclusion: This study will find out the issues, challenges and required action to be taken by the Jharkhand government for the holistic approach of development would eliminate the scope for regional and sub­regional bias.

Keywords: Decentralization; Jharkhand; Poverty; Local Governance.

Condition of prisoners and prisons in a developing country like India is in need of a lot of improvement as they continue to suffer due to lack of facilities and funds. Normal prisons also have many restrictions on movement of prisoners which impairs their adjustment in society after release. Open prisons provide an alternative which makes prisoners self reliant and helps in their adjustment in the society.

Keywords: Open Prison; India; Rajasthan; Sanganer; Prisoners; Human Rights.