International Journal of Neurology and Neurosurgery

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults, is characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Globally, ADHD affects approximately 5-7% of children and adolescents, as well as 2.5% of adults. The condition significantly impacts daily functioning, social relationships or interactions, and academic or professional performance. ADHD appears differently in different age groups, with classroom disruptions and difficulty in social interactions being common in children, while adults may struggle with time management, organizing, and maintaining interpersonal connections. The disorder is categorized into three main types: mainly inattentive, mostly hyperactive-impulsive, and combination presentation, which are defined by dominant symptom patterns. Diagnosis involves ongoing symptom assessment, with treatment options including medications, behavioural therapies, and management strategies tailored to individual needs. The growing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare has significantly improved ADHD diagnosis and treatment, offering higher precision, efficiency, and personalization. AI algorithms enhance diagnostic accuracy by analyzing large datasets and identifying complex patterns in medical images, enabling early detection of ADHD and related conditions. Moreover, AI-driven treatment plans personalize therapeutic techniques based on individual patient data, improving outcomes and reducing adverse side effects. Benefits of AI include improved diagnostic accuracy, increased efficiency through automation, development of personalized medicine, and reduced healthcare costs. This review explores the role of AI in ADHD diagnosis and treatment, focusing on its transformative potential in improving patient care and advancing precision medicine. Understanding AI applications in healthcare can lead to way for more effective ADHD therapy management and improved patient quality of life.

NUT carcinoma (nuclear protein in testis) is a rare and aggressive malignancy, primarily arising from midline structures, such as the thorax and head and neck. Brain involvement in NUT carcinoma is exceedingly rare, particularly as the initial presentation. This report presents the case of a 40-year-old male who presented with symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia and was later diagnosed with NUT carcinoma involving the brain. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges posed by this malignancy and stresses the importance of considering malignancy in patients with unexplained neurological symptoms.

Background: This case report shows co-occurrence of diastematomyelia, tethered spinal cord, syringomyelia and filum terminale lipoma in a follow up case of meningomyelocele repair and hydrocephalus, which are rarely known to co-exist in a great frequency. Methods: We present a 5-year-old girl who, four years after meningomyelocele repair, developed bilateral lower limb weakness. Her filum terminale lipoma was sectioned, and the spinal cord was untethered. Results: She recovered well from surgery and experienced no neurological impairment. Conclusion: Thus, this case report aims to show the presence of primary and secondary neurulation defects in the same individual and the approach to its management.

Scald burn wound is a common problem encountered by plastic surgeon. There various causes due to which the wound becomes non healing and fails to heal. However there is no well-established method that can acceleratethe wound healing rate. Various modalities are used to accelerate the rate of healing, like platelet rich plasma, local infiltration of insulin, irritant substances, laset therapy et al. This article highlights the role of low-level laser therapy in management of scald burns.