Indian Journal of Research in Anthropology

The livelihood of a community comprises of the capabilities, assets (including both material and social resources) and activities required for a means of living. The economic life of the Bangru is based on shifting as well as terraced cultivation because of the geo-morphological condition of their habitat. The food deficit is supplemented by occasional hunting, fishing and forest collection. Within this backdrop, the present paper is aimed to discuss the livelihood patterns of the Bangru, a numerically weak and marginalised community located in Kurung Kumey district of Arunachal Pradesh. Based on extensive fieldworks, this paper also tries to underscore the utilization and management of natural resources like land, water and forest by this lesser-known community. Further it also deals with the diverse belief systems and resource perception of the Bangrus who are still having close linkages with nature.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the developmental levels of the pre-school children. The all round development of the child has long since received global recognition. Experts in the field of education and child development emphasize the need to provide the proper environment for the physical, emotional, social and intellectual development of the child during the first six years of its life. The data collected using the development tools and collected data were then scored and statistically analyzed.

The study was undertaken to explore the attitudes of rural PU college students regarding values in life. Objectives: 1. To explore the values in life among rural PU College students. 2. To find out an association between attitude scores of values in life among rural PU College students with their socio – demographic variables. Methodology: to achieve the objectives of the study quantitative approach was used with descriptive design. The setting of this study was government PU College of Byahatti, Dharwad district of Karnataka. Study population was —PU college students. Non Probability Purposive sampling technique was adopted and the sample size was 30. Findings— Regarding the socio-demographic variables majority 53.33% belongs to 17 years, 56.66% of participants were males, 53.33% of participants are from first year PUC, among the participants 83.33 were Hindus and were vegetatrians, majority 50% of participant’s fathers education was primary whereas 66.66% of their mothers had primary education. About the occupation of the father 73.33% of them doing agriculture and 90% of the mothers were home maker. Majority 53.33% of participants belonged to joint family. 63.33% of participants had school/college as their source of information. Majority 63.33% of participants were neutral in their attitudes regarding values in life. The assessment of association of attitude on values in life with demographic variables revealed that their no significant association except occupation of mother.

The human occurred cockfight as different to those cockfights which are occur naturally like any other traditional game and is governed by some rules with customary ethnic tradition. Though, importance of cockfight varied from place to place and also as time to time. However, in India, in last few decades’ blood sports events like Cockfight have been popularized where animal may harmful during the events. While, most of the time cockfight is closely associated with continuation of ‘ethnic tradition’ and ‘culture’. Cockfight is common in ethnic community like Santal. History of cockfight pointed out that the fight have bottomless outline in rural India especially in tribal communities. However, present study, carried out in a selected village named Foringdanga under Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal, India. In the studied village the game cockfight occurred regular basis in every week during winter season. Winter season is the time of the cockfight and during this season the game occurred two days in every week and also occurred in especial holidays like Saraswati Puja, Republic day, Sankranti and so on. The Foringdanga village also dominated by Santal tribes thus the present author select the village as study area and focused on the death-defying game cockfight which arranged and practiced by the the Santals people. In the study area not only the santal tribal people participated; here also participated other caste people. The present study try to demonstrate that one of the scary game is cock-fight where one cock fights against another cock until the death. Where cock-fight is completely illegal but the fight frequently happened during the winter season in an open public place like weekly market, village fair, festival days in rural areas of Paschim Midinipur district of West Bengal. The fight owing with the prohibited in several jurisdictions and to essential ethical selflessness which exclude becoming visibly participative in the present research, therefore, I developed conscious point of view through "observation method" with some case studies. However, the present paper exposed the death-defying views on Cockfight where the fighter cock flow the blood of opposite cocks until unless the victory or defeat. The study also pointed out that Cockfight is a strictly male event that contains socialistic and aggressive where women are not welcome.

The present cross-sectional study in Kurseong of Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India was conducted among adult Nepali-speaking Hindu females, aged 18 to 46 years. The aim of the study was to find out the cephalic and facial index of adult Nepali females. All measurements were taken using standard techniques. The mean age was 35.56 (SD 8.56) years. It was observed that the Mesocephal form was the dominant head type and the Mesoprosop was the dominant face type among the studied population.

Empowerment is an active and multidimensional process. Empowerment involves awareness; enhancement of ability and involvement in decision making; possession of assets and power and a state of proper execution of rights and responsibilities. Thus, empowerment may be in various fields, such as, social, economic, political, religious, etc. State of empowerment reflects the stage of developmental process in a particular field or overall development. In tribal communities, the role of women is substantial and crucial. Tribal women in India amply contribute in livelihood activities along with performing household chores and family responsibilities. Despite several economic, political and social changes, tribal women are still far behind. This paper assess and reviews the status of empowerment of tribal women in central India through her role and status in social, economic, religious and political spheres along with status of her education, liberty, authority and possess rights.