Indian Journal of Preventive Medicine

Background: Tuberculosis remains the cause of death inspite of national anti-tuberculosis program in India. The study was made attempt to evaluate outcome of registered Tuberculosis patients under Revised National Tuberculosis Control programme at Tuberculosis Unit, Pathan, Maharashtra. Method: The present study was record based including all tuberculosis cased registered for treatment at Tuberculosis Unit, Pathan. All this information was collected for the year 2014. Referring quarterly reports of RNTCP, data was collected. Result: In the present, the success rate for PTB was 87.1% and EPTB was 90.5%. Among the pulmonary tuberculosis cases, cure rate was 51.9% while treatment completion rate was 35.2%. Among the EPTB cases, treatment completion rate was 90.5% with death rate 2.4%. The default rate of 3.4%, transferred out rate of 0.4% and 3.4 % failure rate were reported in year 2014. Conclusion: Though microscopic activity and DOTS activity are appropriate there is deficiency in trained personnel and lacking in achievement of treatment outcome as per the guidelines.

Keywords: PTB; EPTB; Pathan; Success rate.

Context: Hypertension is considered to be a lifestyle disorder with previous studies showing a direct association between salt intake and hypertension, also between overweight, obesity and hypertension. Aims: To assess the amount of salt intake in normotensive and hypertensive subjects 2. To determine whether the association between salt intake and blood pressure is correlated by body mass index. Settings and Design: A community based crosssectional descriptive study. Methods and Material: House to house enumeration survey among 1347 individuals was conducted from September 2016- June 2017 and from adults in the enumeratedhouses, information on sociodemographic factors and salt intake were collected and the blood pressure, height, weight were measured by standard protocols. Statistical analysis used: Quantitative variables were summarised using mean and standard deviation, qualitative variables were summarised using frequency percentage. Partial correlation was used to find the association of BMI in Salt intake and blood pressure. Results: The mean age group of our study population was 33.64 (+19.53) years and majority (53.4%) of them were females. The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 25.33 + 5.57 and 23.4 % had high BMI. Theaverage salt intake of our study population was 10.87 + 6.57 gms/day. The association between salt intake and prehypertension is mediated by high BMI with a significant correlation coefficient of 0.33. Conclusions: The association between salt intake and blood pressure is related to body weight and measures on weight reduction especially among prehypertensive and high salt in takers will help toreduce further complications.

Keywords: Salt intake; Blood pressure; Body mass index. 

Background: Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) are the leading cause of death in the world. About 20% of deaths due to NCDs occur in developed countries, while about 80% of deaths occurring in low and middle income countries, where most of the world population lives. The incidence of NCDs are greater in urban areas when compare to rural areas in India. Physical inactivity being the risk factor is one of the most important determinant of health in urban India. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of physical inactivity in urban population of Shivamogga. Methods: A Cross-sectional, Descriptive, Community-based study conducted using multi-stage sampling method with households as sampling unit. Information on behavioral and biological risk factors was obtained through standardized methods as recommended by the Steps 1 and 2 survey guideline of the World Health Organization after modifying to suit the local requirement. Results: Total participants in the study were 2000, comprised of 1000 males’ and 1000 females. Prevalence of physical inactivity was 30.4% (Male - 17.6%, Female - 43.3%). Conclusions: This community based study demonstrated high prevalence of obesity and overweight among the productive population of urban Shivamogga. Keywords: Non-communicable diseases; Physical inactivity.

Background: Modern day life is turning towards more and more devices and internet fever is just spreading like wild  re. For young people the life is just meaningless without internet, for some it’s just like oxygen without which it’s impossible for them to survive. Excessive use, which may be accompanied by impaired sense of the passage of time and/or neglecting basic drives and withdrawal may be manifested as anger, tension or depression. Objective: To study the proportion of Internet addiction and its determinants among medical undergraduate students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 215 medical students of Subbaiah Institute of Medical sciences, Shimoga for a period of 2 months (July–September 2017) with the help of semi-structured questionnaire consisting of questions related to demographic information, information related to internet use, and Young’s internet addiction test. Results: We found that the proportion of internet addiction among medical students was 63.7% (mild 61%, moderate 38%, severe 0.7%) and signi cantly associated factors with internet addiction being age, year of study and number of years since using internet. More than 50% students use internet for whatsApp (78%), you Tube (74%), Facebook (68%), communicating friends and family (66%), Instant messaging (54%) and scienti c search (51.6%). Conclusion: Medical students are vulnerable for internet addiction and efforts should be taken to increase awareness and prevent the problem of internet addiction in them Keywords: Internet; Addiction; Medical students.

Introduction: The global climate is changing primarily due to anthropogenic forcing. India due to its climatic and geographic features is highly vulnerable to negative effects of climate change. The support of the general public is necessary to succeed the measures being taken against the changing climate. As the young generation need to adopt sustainable lifestyle changes to bring down climate change, this study was conducted to assess the awareness about climate change among high school children in urban areas of Mysuru. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among high school students in 2018–19. The schools were selected by the simple random method and students from each school were recruited by Population Proportional to Size method. Descriptive statistics like percentages were applied and appropriate inferential statistical tests were done for association. Results: Among the students interviewed, 69.5% were aware of climate change and 61.9% were aware of the health impacts of climate change. 63.3% were aware of global warming and only 51% were aware of the greenhouse effect. Only 10% of study participants had good knowledge about climate change. 32.9 % of students had a satisfactory knowledge, 24.3% had average knowledge and 32.9% had only poor knowledge about climate change. Conclusion: The awareness of climate change is low among high school students of urban areas of Mysuru. Only a minority of students have good knowledge about climate change. More educational activities should be designed and implemented in schools to improve awareness among children.

Keywords: Awareness; Climate Change; School Children.