Indian Journal of Preventive Medicine

Female infanticide is the deliberate killing of newborn female children. In countries with a history of female infanticide, the modern practice of sex-selective abortion is often discussed as a closely related issue. Female infanticide is a major cause of concern in several nations including India. It has been argued that the “low status” in which women are viewed in patriarchal societies creates a bias against females. Concerted efforts to break the gender stereotypes particularly at the +2 level. Conscious inputs into curriculum, textbooks, teacher education institutional planning supported by career guidance, counseling. Special awareness generation programmes and campaigns to sensitize the public. 

Keywords: Infanticide; Children; Daughters. 

Alcohol consumption is linked to many harmful consequences for the individual drinker, the drinker’s immediate environment and society as a whole. Such social consequences as traffic accidents, workplacerelated problems, family and domestic problems, and interpersonal violence have been receiving more public or research attention in recent years, indicating a growing interest in a broader concept of alcohol-related consequences.

 Keywords: Alcoholism; Social Menace.

  All study designs have an inherent nature of incorporating errors in the various stages of implementation of a study.The major limitations that arise while deriving inferences in epidemiological study designs are chance, bias and confounding which if unidentified results in invalid findings and distortion of the final estimates.Bias is a systematic, non- random error, foreseen in all epidemiological study designs. It has to be avoided at all phases i.e. design, conduct, analysis or during the reporting phase of study design. A mistake nestimate of an exposure’s effect on the risk of disease occurs, unless avoided. 

Keywords: Bias; Epidemiology; Error; Review; Systematic Error. 

Background and objective: Frequent falls among elderly is one of the most commonly identified problems. Balance, poor gait, lower limb muscle weakness, slowed reaction time have been identified as independent risk factors for falls in elderly. Exercise programs targeted to improve these deficits might result in decrease of falls and related injuries. Present study was undertaken to study the effectiveness of pilates and conventional balance training in young old geriatric. ethod: Institutional ethical clearance was obtained. 40 young old geriatric subjects with age group between 65 –74years were included in the study after the fulfilment of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed consent was obtained from all the subjects. The subjects were then randomly divided into two groups by envelope method, Group A received pilates and Group B received conventional balance training. Treatment was carried out for 30 minutes for three sessions per week for five weeks. Subjects were assessed for balance and mobility using Tinneti performance oriented mobility assessment (POMA) and timed up and go test (TUG) before starting the treatment and after four weeks. Results: The results showed that both the conventional balance training and Pilates showed statistically significant (p<0.001) improvement in balance in young old geriatrics. Conclusion: The present study concluded that both Pilates program and conventional balance training equally improved the balance in elderly subjects so that both the therapies can be incorporated in the balance training. 

Keywords: Balance; Geriatric; TUG; POMA; Pilates. 

  Background: Low birth weight is a major public health problem in many developed and developing countries. In India 28% children born are estimated to be low birth weight as compared to only 4% in some developed countries.Aims and Objectives: To find the prevalence of LBW in the rural area and various factors affecting occurrence of LBW. Material and Methods: resent study was conducted in PHC Achrol, District Jaipur (Rajasthan), which is situated on the National highway 11 C. Record of 395 females was analyzed who were delivered in PHC Achrol, from 1st April 2015 to 31st March 2016 Observations and Discussions: In the present study, the prevalence of LBW was found to be 33.92%. Among the LBW babies, 39.55% were male children and 60.44%were the female children , Among the born babies in LBW, 66.41% were Hindu by religion and 33.58% were Muslim by religion. Among the, ANC care utilizing mothers, the prevalence of LBW was found in 15.38% children, while among those who were not utilizing ANC care, LBW children were 54.54%. Among the smokers mothers, the prevalence of LBW children were 63.21%, while among Non-smoker mothers, the prevalence of LBW was only 25.64%. Among the pre term born babies, prevalence of LBW was 88%. On the other hand, among the full term born babies, the prevalence of LBW was 30.27%. In mothers of less than 20 years of age, the prevalence of LBW was 83.33%, in mothers with age of 20-30 years group- the prevalence of LBW babies was 27.61%. In the above 30 years of age group, prevalence of LBW babies was 66.66% in the present study. As regard to parity, prime mothers were having LBW prevalence i.e. 13.15%. In the second para mothers, prevalence of LBW was 21.12% and at the same time, third and above para were having prevalence of LBW, 55.94%. Among the mothers with Hb level below 9 gm %, prevalence of LBW was 57.89%. Among mothers with 9-11 gm%, prevalence of LBW was 26.12% and mothers having Hb level more than 11 gm% were having 27.27% prevalence of LBW. Conclusion: Prevalence of LBW is pretty high in developing Asian countries like India, where illiteracy, ignorance and poverty is rampant. Among the various factors affecting prevalence important once are religion, high parity, poor nutrition of mother, anemia of mother, age of mother at the time of delivery, smoking, term of delivery, utilization of ANC care services etc. 

Keywords: Low Birth Weight; Preterm; Parity; Anemia.

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