Indian Journal of Medical Psychiatry

Abstract Introduction: The Emotional disorder is a condition characterized by an inability to learn and build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers, inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances, a general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression, and a tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems. Behavior problems among children are a deviation from the accepted pattern of behavior on the part of children when they are exposed to an inconsistent social and cultural environment. 2001 WHO report indicates the 6-month prevalence rate for any MHD in CYP, up to age 17 years, to be 20.9%. Identification and selection of suitable therapeutic strategies need multi-level and multi-disciplinary approaches, holistic management strategies play significant roles which include combinations of several interventions like a child- and family-focused psychological interventions including cognitive behavioral therapy, behavioral modification, and social communication enhancement techniques, parenting skills training and psychopharmacology. The pharmacological treatment is usually considered in combination with psychological and other environmental interventions such as counseling, behavioral therapies, interpersonal psychotherapy, parent management training, social skills training, school based interventions, play therapy, expressive arts therapy, diet and exercise, and attachment based therapy. Conclusion: Emotional and behavioral disorders of children and adolescents have significant negative impacts on the parents as well as society, in the form of direct behavioral consequences and costs, and on the individual, in the form of poor academic, occupational and psychosocial functioning and on the family. Prevention and management of EBD are not easy and it requires an integrated multidisciplinary effort by healthcare providers at different levels to be involved in the assessment, prevention, and management of affected individuals, and also to provide social, economic, and psycho-emotional support to the affected families. This is a very crucial topic for developing countries where the most importance is given to children and youth community. Keywords: EBD; Emotional disorder; Behavioural disorder; Mental problems in children.

Menopause is a daunting time in a women’s life. In the medical literature, Menopause has been regularly referred to as a defciency state and a condition to be actively medically managed. Perimenopause is defned by the WHO as the 2–8 years preceding menopause and the 1-year period after fnal menses, resulting from the loss of follicular activity. Perimenopause includes the period immediately prior to menopause and the frst year after the fnal menstrual period (FMP). At this stage, the ovaries become resistant to the stimulatory effects of the pituitary gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Women, during the perimenopause often have irregular menses, heavier and longer menstrual periods and prolonged episodes of amenorrhea. In addition, the perimenopause is marked by vasomotor symptoms. There is undoubtedly a large group of women who experience psychological distress that coincides with the hormonal function of the climacteric, as demonstrated by the large population of women reporting psychological complaints at menopause clinics. Results from a multiethnic community based cohort study of premenopausal and perimenopausal women showed that mood symptoms and irritability are more likely to occur in perimenopausal than the premenopausal women. Recent epidemiologic studies have also documented an increased risk of frst onset and recurrent major and minor depressions during the perimenopause as compared with the premenopause. This review paper is an attempt to highlight the problems of women in perimenopause and factors contributing to psychiatric morbidity during this time

Due to rapid population and workforce aging in many countries, organizational researchers and practitioners have become increasingly interested in the role of age in the work context (Finkelstein et al., 2015; Truxillo et al., 2015). In this article, we review research in one particular area within the growing field of work and aging: the role of age in relationships between work characteristics and occupational well-being. Research in this area is important because work characteristics and work (re)design can have differential effects on younger and older workers’ well-being (Griffiths, 1999; Truxillo and Zaniboni, 2015) and may influence how workers’ well-being develops across their careers (Matthews, 2015; Schmitt and Bathen, in press).