Indian Journal of Medical Psychiatry

Aggression is any behaviour performed with the aim of harming another man or woman who is prompted to keep away from that damage. There are various psychological theories of aggression. The three personality kinds- psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism are connected with high ranges of aggression, lack of empathy, and decreased emotional responding. The alternative psychological theory is founded on the ‘Big five’ personality tendencies, Cognitive Labelling and Excitation transfer theory, Cognitive Neoassociation theory. It could additionally be explained by social theories like Frustration-Aggression speculation, The Social learning concept, Social information Processing principle, Script theory, General Aggression model. There are few predictors of aggression which encompass the patterns of infantile attachment, impulsivity and inattention in preschool years, subnormal IQ etc. Genetic Predispositions may additionally play a part in the occurrence of aggression. The genetic markers of aggression include a polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A promoter gene (MAOA) and a variant inside the 5-HT serotonin transporter gene. Environmental elements encompass provocation, weapons, exposure to violent environments, and social rejection. Substance addictions also are accountable for inflicting aggression. Intoxication with alcohol is associated with murders, attacks, rapes, and intimate partner violence, due to reduced capability of restraining their violent impulses. Different materials like stimulants, amphetamines, and methamphetamines which induce disinhibition and/ or increased physiological arousal may additionally lead to aggression.

Keywords: Aggression; Psychological theories; Social theories; Genetic predispositions; Environmental factors; Substance dependence.

Learning disabilities, or learning disorders, are an umbrella term for a wide variety of learning problem. The most common types of learning disabilities involve problems with reading, writing, math, reasoning, listening, and speaking. The Aim and purpose of this study were to describe the roles and responsibilities of special education teachers (sets) and the challenges they encountered as they attempt to educate their students with learning disabilities in elementary schools Method used in the present study is a pre-experimental research design (one group pre-test post design) was used in the study. The pre-test was administered through a structured questionnaire depicted as 01 and then the structured teaching given depicted as X. A post-test was conducted using the same structured questionnaire depicted as 02. The interventional evaluative the approach was used in this study .this approach was selected because the research study aimed to evaluate the intervention (structured teaching programme) in improving the knowledge of school teachers in selected schools regarding selected learning disorders in children. The findings of the study are discussed as pre-test shows that 61.67% had good knowledge, 3.33% had very good knowledge, 31.67% had an average level of knowledge, 3.33% were poor in their knowledge. Post-test shows that 60% of subjects had very good knowledge 33.33% had a good score, 5% of subjects had an excellent score, 1.67% was average knowledge. So study can be concluded as it can be seen that the structured the teaching programme was effective in enhancing knowledge of primary school teachers of the city.2

Keywords: Learning disorder; Knowledge; Structured teaching programme; Children
 

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by three broad categories of symptoms: positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive symptoms. Quality of life (QoL) is defined by the World Health Organization as “Individuals' perceptions of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live, and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns.” Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive epidemiological, non-interventional, study single center, cross sectional, observational study. The study was conducted at Department of Psychiatry, Khaja banda Nawaz Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalaburagi, Karnataka with inpatient units, outpatient clinics, and specialty psychiatric rehabilitation services. Thirty-five consecutive outpatients with schizophrenia attending the hospital fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited for this study. Result: The mean duration of illness was 6.32 years for schizophrenics and the duration of treatment was 6.10 years. On comparing the domain raw score, the mean physical and psychological domain raw scores for Schizophrenia were 21.24±5.16 and 17.32±2.97, respectively, while among the controls these were 24.36±2.89 and 21.37±1.95, respectively. The differences between them were statistically significant. In the mean social domain raw score, there was a difference noted with a borderline significance (P = 0.0514) while the mean environment raw score was not significant. Conclusion: The deleterious effects of schizophrenia on QoL occur significantly. Management should be planned with this consideration to yield better outcomes.

Keywords: Schizophrenia; Quality of life (QoL); Psychiatric Rehabilitation Services.

Background: Depression, anxiety, and anxiety disorders may play a significant role in heart health and have been implicated in the development and progression of both coronary artery disease and heart failure. Material and Methods: This is descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to find out the anxiety and depression of patients with CAD attending at Khaja banda Nawaz institute of medical sciences. Semi structured interview schedule for the sociodemographic variables, disease related variables, behaviour related variables, and support system was developed by researcher based on extensive literature review. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), developed by Zigmond and Snaith and validated by Risal et al. was used to assess anxiety and depression. Result: In our study, out of 70 respondents, 57.8% were between the ages of 40-60 years. The mean age of the respondents was 52.23±7.83 years. Similarly, 60.7% were male and 80.3% were living with their spouse. Moreover, that two-thirds (66.1%) of the respondents were diagnosed with myocardial infraction followed by angina pectoris (20.2%) and ischemic heart failure (13.7%). The 27.4% of the respondents had anxiety caseness and 19.6% had borderline anxiety. Similarly, 26.2% of the respondents had borderline depression and 23.8% had depression caseness. Conclusion: In coronary artery disease and depression are cause a significant decrease in quality of life for the patient and impose a significant economic burden on society. Anxiety and depression have great correlation in CAD patients. Furthermore, shows that there was significantly positive correlation between anxiety and depression.

Keywords: Depression; Anxiety; Myocardial infraction; Angina pectoris; Ischemic heart disease.