Indian Journal of Dental Education

  Dental caries occurs in children with high intake of free sugar and not the dietary sugar. Bacteria in mouth metabolize the sugar to produce acid which causes demineralization of enamel and dentin leading to dental caries1. In this article we will focus on how dental caries effects the primary teeth and also the food items that cause dental caries. We will also talk about ways of preventing dental caries in children. 

Keywords: Cariogens; Primary Teeth.

  Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence and pattern of impacted mandibular and maxillary third molars in a sample of Sudanese population. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in radiographic dental center covering the majority of Khartoum state. A total of 2600 orthopantomograms records were inspected and 576 cases were selected as per the inclusion criteria. Each Orthopantomogram was evaluated for the frequency and angulation of impaction according to Winter’s classification. Descriptive statistics, frequency,
distribution, tables were used. Chi-square test was used for data analysis. The level of significance was set to be p≤ 0.05. Results: Mandibular impacted third molars were the most prevalent followed by maxillary molars 53.8% & 46.2% respectively, females were more affected 79.6% than males 20.4%. No significant difference between genders (p-value = 0.25). Mesioangular pattern was recorded as the highest pattern of third molar impaction 25.7% and was seen generally in the mandible 45% while vertical pattern was the most common in the maxilla 32.2%. Conclusion: The prevalence and pattern of impacted third molar recorded in this study occurred within the range reported in the literature, with early detection of impaction a better treatment can be planned and performed. The study provided some evidence about the extent of the problem, however a strong conclusion cannot be drawn since the sample is not representative to whole Sudanese population. Therefore, further studies are recommended with large sample size including different provinces of Sudan in order to induce a better conclusion. 

Keywords: Pattern; Prevalence; Sudan; Third Molar Impaction.

  Introduction: The school age child has multitude of problems among them, one of the most existing problem is related to dental health. Oral health is an inseparable part of general health. India as developing country faces many challenges in rendering oral health needs. The majority of Indian population resides in rural communities. The prevalence of dental caries among school going children is 60% to 90% in Asia. Methodology: Pre-experimental approach was considered to be appropriate to assess the dental health problem among school children. The research design selected for the study was “one group pre-test post-test design”. The study was conducted in 2017-2018 among the 9th Class students studying in selected schools of Rajasthan. In the present study, 301 subjects were selected by convenient sampling. Results: The mean pre-test and post-test knowledge scores were 6.04 and 14.87 respectively. Hence, the obtained ‘t’ value (36.5) represents the effectiveness of health education package. The mean post-test practice scores (7.90) was higher than mean pre-test practice scores (4.63). The calculated ‘t' value was 23.24 which represents the effectiveness of health education package by showing a significant difference between pre-test practice scores and post-test practice scores. The data revealed that there was no association among post test knowledge scores, post test practice scores of school children with the selected variables. Conclusion: The health education package was effective in increasing the knowledge and practices of school students regarding dental health. There is a need of sound orientation and continuous educational program for school students regarding dental health. It will be directly helpful in minimizing the prevalence and incidence of dental problems and the
disease burden. 

Keywords: Dental Health Problems; Health Education Package; School Students; Knowledge; Practice.

  Background: The surgical dictum of keeping patient under inter maxillary fixation after open reduction and internal fixation has been reported, no advantage over without inter maxillary fixation. This study attempts to identify and discuss requirement of inter maxillary fixation after open reduction and internal fixation in isolated mandibular fractures. Methodology: Total of 42 dentate, medically fit adult patients devided in to two groups irrespective of age and gender. Group I consisted of 24 patients kept under inter maxillary fixation after open reduction and internal fixation for 7 days postoperatively. 18 patients were allowed to do early mandibular mobilization alloted in group II. Occlusal discrepancies, surgical site infection, malunion/nonunion, plate/screw infection and removal recorded in both the groups and compared. Results: Statistical analysis showed group I patients had better outcome in-terms of occlusion and no other statistical difference noted between two groups. Conclusion: This study favors 7 days post operative inter maxillary fixation after open reduction and internal fixation for isolated mandibular fractures for the better occlusal outcome. 

Keywords: Mandibular Fracture; Intermaxillary Fixation; Open Reduction and Internal Fixation; Occlusion