Indian Journal of Dental Education

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to describe endodontic treatment of the central incisor with two roots. Radiographs show two distinct roots in the middle portion of the tooth.

Keywords: Endodontic treatment; Radiograph; Central incisor

Congenital absence of the teeth is the most commonly known developmental anomaly in humans. Hypodontia is congenital absence of one or a few teeth only, with a prevalence of 2.3% to 10.1% in the permanent dentition.Agenesis of the first permanent molars has the least frequency of all types and when present usually occurs in association with oligodontia or anodontia. It is easy to diagnose the agenesis of the permanent first molar retrospectively, based on the clinical morphology and x-ray photographic features of the permanent second molars features. In this case report we discuss about the agenesis of the permanent first molars and second premolars and encompass a comprehensive review of the literature on missing permanent first molars and second premolars. 

Keywords: Hypodontia; Missing teeth; Permanent first molar; Second premolar.

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a term for clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of conditions affecting the dental enamel, occasionally in conjunction with other dental, oral and extraoral tissues. It is usually inherited either as an X-linked, autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive trait. The enamel may be hypoplastic, hypomineralised or both and affected teeth may be discolored, sensitive or prone to disintegration.Diagnosis is based on the family history, pedigree plotting, meticulous clinical and radiological observation.Dental radiographs of AI teeth provide important information to the clinician with respect to the degree of enamel mineralization to design an appropriate treatment plan. The treatment of patients with AI should start with early diagnosis and intervention to prevent latter restorative problems. Herein, we present a case report of hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta with oligodontia and taurodontism who were provided with functional and esthetic rehabilitation.

Keywords: Amelogenesis imperfecta; Enamel; Genetic; Hypomaturation.

Information technology or IT, has transformed society and will continue to do so in the future. A simple, but cogent, definition of dental informatics is “the application of computer and information science to improve dental practice, research, education and management,” Dental informatics (DI) is a relatively new field that has significant potential for supporting clinical care. It is a young scientific discipline that is undergoing continual maturation. Its main purpose was to develop strategies for how bio medical informatics can most productively contribute to the resolution of dental research problems. Most dentists are unaware of what dental informatics is, what its goals are, what it has ach ieved and how they can get involved in it. It is mainly concerned with collecting, storing, and retrieving data from large databases. This article attempts to review the evolution and progress of dental informatics as a specialty and its applications in dental practice. This review delineates informatics from information technology and explains the types of scientific questions that dental and other informaticians typically explore. Scientific investigation in informatics centres primarily on model formulation, system development, system implementation, and the study of effects. Informatics draws its scientific methods mainly from information science, computer science, cognitive science, and telecommunications. Dental informatics has lead to numerous applications that improve dental practice,research and management. DI shares many types of research questions and methods with its parent discipline,biomedical informatics and Tele-dentistry. However, there are indications that certain research questions in dental informatics require novel solutions that have not yet been developed in other informatics fields. 

Keywords: Bioinformatics; Databases; Dental informatics; Oral pathology. 

Professional dental care is increasingly conducted in multicultural environments. This article not only highlights disparities in oral and general health but also highlights the importance of cultural, religious, social, personal habits and practices and their effect on oral and general health and the need to adopt more holistic approaches to oral health promotion. Cultural beliefs, values and practices are often implicated as causes of oral health disparities, yet little is known about the breadth or adequacy of literature about cultural issues that could support these assertions. 

Keywords: Culture; Religion; Dietary habits; Family.

Background and Objectives : Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence in adults and children, and authorities view it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. There is a high level of evidence which shows direct association between obesity and dental caries. Various surveys have being conducted world wide in different ethnic populations to see the association between the caries development and BMI of children. Currently there is no data available in relation between BMI and prevalence of dental caries in Indian school children indicating the need for further well-designed studies to demonstrate the relationship between the two. Methodology: Data collection was part of the Oral Health Survey and free dental check up camp in various schools in Noida. A total of 250, 9 -11 year-old school children constituted the study group. Results: The Pearson correlation was used to find the relationship between the prevalence of dental caries and BMI of the school children included. A significant correlation existed between the two. Conclusion: Together with obesity as a matter of concern in school children worldwide the maintenance of dental health also need to be emphasized for this at risk group.

Keywords: Obesity; Dental caries; Body mass index 

Purpose: To study the effectiveness of Steriolithogrphy rapid prototype model in Mandible and maxilla reconstruction. Methods and Materials: We present here our case series of 6 patients having maxilla or mandible reconstruction. These patients are reconstructed with free fibula graft which has been moulded at the donor site itself. Results: Reconstruction of these bones with free fibula is quite effective. The amount of graft required could be determined preoperatively. The operative time was reduced significantly. Conclusion: Simulation of surgery using rapid prototype model helps to predetermine the amount of graft required, reduces the operative time and also preoperatively determines the shape of reconstructed bone.  

Keywords: Steriolithography; Mandible and maxilla reconstruction; Free fibula. 

Background: Herbal products, including dentifrices, appear to have become an attractive alternative for some consumers and their use has gained appreciable acceptance all over the world. This could be partly due to the perception that herbal toothpastes like other herbal products are “natural”, devoid of chemicals and therefore superior to regular toothpastes. The disturbing remarks that adverse drug reactions do occur from the use of herbal toothpaste stated the need for post marketing surveillance of two herbal dentifrices and prompted this study.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and possible adverse effects of two herbal dentifrices. Materials and Methods: 100 Dental students (45 males, 55 females) attending the first and second years (corresponding to age group 18-19 years) at Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Sahibabad - Ghaziabad, India; madeup the study population. Oral signs and symptoms (adverse effects) to be seen included erythema, edema,pain, irritation and burning sensation. Data analysis was done using the SPSS (version 16.0). P values d” 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 98 students, 44 (45%) males and 54 (55%) females,who were allotted two experimental groups (Gel and Toothpaste), completed the 2 weeks clinical trial. The age range of participants was 18-19 years. There was no statistically significant association between the use of herbal toothpastes and adverse reactions (p value > 0.0.5). Conclusion: The use of the two herbal dentifrices in this study resulted in only negligible adverse effects (1 in 98; i.e. 1.02% population) and hence may be considered safe in consumers.

Keywords: Herbal dentifrices; Adverse reactions; Safety; Erythema; Burning sensation; Pain; Irritation;
Dental students.