Indian Journal of Dental Education

Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive trait, which is transmitted with an estimated frequency of one to four per million individuals. It is characterized by palmar plantar keratosis and severe early-onset periodontitis affecting both deciduous and permanent dentition. In this report, we present a five year-old male child patient with symptoms typical of Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome.He had hyperkeratosis of palms, soles, elbows and knees. The mandibular deciduous molars of the child exhibited mobility.

Keywords: Palmar plantar keratosis, Periodontitis Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome.

 espite the voluminous content on this topic, controversies and lack of understanding are still prevailing regarding the proper use of the occlusal splints either for diagnostic purpose or for treatment purpose. The aim of this topic is to provide an insight and detail information regarding the various types, their rational, functions and proper case selection for the occlusal splint therapy. An extra emphasis has been placed on the importance of recalling the patient after placing the occlusal splint so that the patients may be relieved of their symptoms within short period of time.

 Dental erosion has been reported with varying prevalence in the population. The term dental erosion describes the processes that do not involve bacteria. Dental erosion can have intrinsic and extrinsic causes. Intrinsic causes include vomiting, rumination, regurgitation, gastro oseophageal reflux. Extrinsic causes include acidic foods such as citrus fruits and acidic beverages. The presence of erosive lesions warrants the evaluation of a proper case history to note and know the specific reason, so that further damage can be halted. It is essential that etiology of erosion can be identified earliest as the clinical management of the patient is based on management of etiological factors.

Key words Tooth wear, Erosion, Gastrooesophagical reflux, Vomiting

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is among the most painful afflictions known. It is characterized by sudden attacks of pain that are typically brief, lasting only seconds to two minutes. These attacks are severe and described as intense, stabbing or electrical shock-like. TN sufferers often endure years of suffering and misdirected treatments before the disease is recognized. Some of the erroneous diagnoses often encountered include various dental diseases, temporomandibular joint disorders, paranasal sinus infections, ophthalmic (eye) pain syndromes, temporal arteritis, ice pick-like migraine pain, facial migraine, myofascial pain, idiopathic facial pain and psychological disorders. Even today patients have undergone several unnecessary and useless “treatments” before the TN was accurately diagnosed. Some misdirected interventions include dental extractions, root canals, nasal sinus surgeries, biopsies, salivary gland procedures and medical treatments involving antibiotics and narcotics. The difficulty in diagnosing TN is in part due to the lack of confirmatory clinical, laboratory or radiological tests, periods of spontaneous remission that may be confused with a cure for the disorder, and the relative rarity of TN.This is an evidence based presentation aimed at managing trigeminal neuralgia in a systematic way in a dental office which reviews the common management strategies and their success.

Key Words Trigeminal Neuralgia, Diagnosis, Varbamazepine, Phenytoin, Alcohol, Cryosurgery.

  Central giant cell granuloma is a benign lesion which almost exclusively manifests in maxillofacial region. Usual site is anterior mandibular region. Radiographic features of this lesion closely resemble ameloblastoma and hyperparathyrodism. It is difficult to differentiate its histopathologic picture from that of hyperparathyrodism without co-relating clinically. This is a case report of central giant cell granuloma in body region of mandible along with its management and discussion (in literature). Giant cell lesions of the jaw comprises of an interesting and controversial group.1 Among these giant cell granuloma is commonly encountered lesion. Any swelling which is not painful, gradually increasing in size and vascular in appearance raises the possibility of presence of giant cell granuloma. The case of peripheral as well as central giant cell granulomas are extensively well documented in literature2 , and has been confirmed that 99% of giant cell tumor in jaws are giant cell granuloma. As it was presumed that it is an aftermath of trauma reparative word was frequently used (initially). In recent years term reparative has been deleted from original name given by Jaffe3 as it was found that lesion is basically destructive in nature rather than reparative.

 To determine the influence of a simulated microgravity on oral cavity, 40 healthy male volunteers were studied before, during, just after and after 12 hr of the simulated microgravity condition of -6° head-down-tilt (HDT) bed rest. Facial function tests, mouth opening, jaw movements, tongue movements, facial sensation (Touch, pressure, temperature), taste, odour, perception of food, Salivary vitamins E and C, lactate dehygrogenase isoenzyme, MIP 1 á, Glucosyltransfer â, Malonaldehyde, 8- hydroxydeoxyguanosine, Thiocynate, salivary contents and salivary flow rate were measured. Flow rate, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate, protein, lactate dehygrogenase, MIP 1 alpha, Malonaldehyde, 8- hydroxydeoxyguanosine, thiocynate were found to increase significantly while Amylase activity, vitamin E & C and mouth opening were decreased in simulation environments in contradiction to normal and recovery stage. The threshold for MSG and capsaicin increased about 1.5 dilution step, while sodium chloride decreased about 2 dilution during microgravity as compared to normal conditions. Mild pain of teeth, facial oedema, mild pain mandibular angle regions, pain in sublingual and submandibular opening duct regions, abnormal facial expression, loss of sensation of pain and temperature, decreased the tongue and mandibular movement in simulation microgravity environments. These results suggest that reversible effect of microgravity is oedema of face, change in taste, abnormal expression of face, teeth pain and xerostomia . The non reversible effect of microgravity such as prevalence of periodontal disease, dental caries but different pattern than normal, stone formation in salivary duct, pre cancer or cancer, fracture of maxillary and mandibular bone and xerostomia more in astronaut as compared to normal persons. Further study will be required on large scale and long term effect of microgavity on oral cavity to prevent the adverse effect on oral cavity. Hence, aeronautic dentistry should be included in curriculum.

Key words Mission , Mars, Microgravity, Aeronautic Dentistry.

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