Indian Journal of Biology

The present study is conducted to analyse the present status of the effect of physicochemical parameters and inorganic nutrient ions on the diversity of microalgae and aquatic macrophytes of the Damodar River. This study observed growth, diversity, and distribution of aquatic plants are related to the variation of physicochemical parameters and inorganic nutrient ions of river water. The extensive and exclusive study on the five different spots of Damodar River during 2022-2024 in different months of the year identified many species of aquatic flowering plants, aquatic fern, and algae. The Presence of many aquatic flora and algae indicates that the river Damodar is suitable for aquatic floral diversity. It was also observed that river water pollution inversely affected the floral and algal diversity at Damodar River. Pollutants are released from different industries located near both banks of this river. As a result of that water quality also deteriorated. Damodar river water can be characterized as slightly alkaline throughout the year. This preliminary observation identifies the status of the effect of physico-chemical parameters and inorganic nutrient ions on the biodiversity of the Damodar River.

Agriculture is expected to face significant challenges in the 21st century in connection with the need to increase global food, timber, and bioenergy supplies to a world of 10 billion people, given limited soil and water resources and increasing threats from climate change. Increased land competition between bioenergy and food crops, climate extremes in key food exporting regions, rapidly shifting diets in large emerging economies, and a degree of financial speculation has resulted in instability in the world’s food production systems. If these pressures increase further in coming decades, the world’s poor are particularly vulnerable, especially those located in low-income, food importing countries, where a large share of income is already devoted to purchasing basic food staples. However, the climate-driven challenges also offer the potential to develop and promote food and livelihood systems that have greater environmental, economic and social resilience to risk. It is clear that success in meeting these challenges will require both the integrated application of current multidisciplinary knowledge and the development of a range of technical and institutional innovations. This paper aims to provide an overview of the effects of climate change on global food security and to explore ways to reduce negative impacts through adaptation and resilience.

Environmental pollution has emerged as a pressing global concern, posing severe threats to ecosystems, biodiversity, and human health. Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural expansion have led to the accumulation of pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, hydrocarbons, and various organic and inorganic toxins in soil, water, and air. Conventional methods for pollution control are often expensive, energy-intensive, and can result in secondary environmental problems. In contrast, bioremediation presents a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative by utilizing the natural metabolic abilities of microorganisms, plants, and fungi to degrade, transform, or remove environmental contaminants. This biological approach not only reduces the pollutant load but also restores the ecological balance of contaminated sites. Recent advancements in microbial biotechnology, genetic engineering, and environmental monitoring have significantly enhanced the efficiency and applicability of bioremediation techniques. Strategies such as phytoremediation, mycoremediation, and bioaugmentation have shown promising results in the detoxification of pollutants across diverse environments. Moreover, integrating bioremediation with environmental management practices offers a holistic framework for pollution mitigation. However, challenges such as site-specific variability, limited degradation of certain pollutants, and regulatory constraints still persist. Addressing these limitations through interdisciplinary research, policy support, and community involvement is essential for the successful implementation of bioremediation on a broader scale. This paper explores the critical issues of environmental pollution and evaluates the potential of bioremediation as a viable tool for environmental management and sustainability.

The present study was designed to investigate different types of WBCs in a 05 months castrated Non-Descriptive (ND) cattle as there is no previous report on morphology of white blood cells of castrated ND cattle of Odisha. Various types of WBCs were observed in this study namely lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophil.