Indian Journal of Biology

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L., Family - Poaceae) is an economically important sugar and energy crop propagated conventionally by stem cuttings (setts). Low propagation rates, long time demand, huge land requirement and potential transmission of pathogens through seed cane from generation to generation are the major constraints of conventional propagation. In vitro propagation (Micropropagation) is the best alternative to overcome such limitations to produce diseasefree genetic stock and sufficient amount of planting material in minimum possible time, however, it is a relatively sophisticated technique requiring aseptic conditions and technical skill at each stage viz. mother plant establishment, initiation and establishment of aseptic cultures, multiplication, rooting, and acclimatization. More knowledge is required regarding sensitivity of the micropropagation protocol for microbial contamination and the economical viability to support the conventional propagation. This review aims towards the scope of micropropagation for increasing yield by enhancing varietal life-span and allow the sugar industry to produce sufficient quality planting material within short period of time and cost effective manner.

Keywords: Cane Setts; Micropropagation; Seed Cane; Sachharum Spp; Sugarcane.

RNA profiling or more specifically messenger RNA (mRNA) profiling is a very useful method to study the body fluids. Various type of body fluids can be found from a crime scene. Because of the changes in the fluids over period of time, it requires more improvise identification method. To study the different biomarkers in different body fluids which is not distinguishable in general process or to analyse the body fluids present in back spatter of a gun, RNA typing or profiling is a safe process. The difference between menstrual blood and peripheral blood, nasal mucosa and vaginal mucosa can be very important in a case. Most of cases DNA profiling for those body fluids are sensitive than RNA profiling. Results of those process show false positive results more which affect the case progress. RNA profiling helps to establish the correlation between DNA profiling in those cases. Addition of many pre mRNAs form a circular RNA (cRNA) which plays the most important role in RNA profiling.

Keywords: Difference between Body Fluids; RNA Profiling; More Accurate Results; Microrna; Forensic Serology.

Barrackpore cantonment, the oldest cantonment of India is very green indeed and have number of trees with low population density. In this study I had measured the amount of carbon dioxide and particulate matters namely PM 2.5 and PM 10 present in air throughout the years 2019 and 2020. From the experimental results it is evident that lockdown for pandemic and rainfall made a profound effect in air quality for at least seven months of 2020. Particulate matters are serious air pollutants and carcinogenic.

Keywords: Barrackpore Cantonment; Carbon dioxide; Lockdown.

Anthropogenic disturbances cause many undesirable changes in our ecosystem that directly or indirectly affect the livelihood of people. In the present study, we investigated spider diversity and distribution in habitats with different degrees of anthropogenic disturbances in Gopalpur of Ganjam district, Odisha from November 2018 to January 2020. A total of 592 spider specimens belonging to 23 species were recorded. It was observed that the more the degree of anthropogenic disturbances, the lesser was the diversity of spider species. The spider population was negatively affected by the frequency of disturbances in their habitat. Ecological parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, and light intensity were changing at a higher rate in more disturbed areas, indicating differences, due to human impact. The study reveals that anthropogenic disturbances produce ecological changes that most of the spider species may not tolerate. Again, the distribution pattern of arboreal orb-web making spider species was greatly affected by the frequent disturbances whereas grounddwelling species were least affected. To retain spider diversity in any locality, there needs a management plan for incorporating some undisturbed wild vegetation patches both in rural and urban areas. This could include rules on how to keep that vegetation patch undisturbed and not been influenced by any household waste materials or drained water from any industry, factory, or crop field.

Keywords: Spider; Vegetation; Diversity; Frequency.