Urology, Nephrology and Andrology International

Context: Compared to other modalities, the advantage of IPP in assessing BOO may be its easy applicability and non-invasive nature. Therefore, there is a consideration for a larger role of IPP in bedside assessment and management of BOO in daily practice. Aims: To Study of correlation of anatomical parameters with clinical features and treatment outcome in patients of benign enlargement of prostate. Settings and Design: A hospital based follow up study was carried out at Institute of Urology. Methods and Material: Study was carried out among men above 50 years of age with BEP with lower urinary tract symptoms presenting in outpatient department. Out of 106 patients 55 were in Medical treatment group and 51 in Surgical treatment group. Patients were selected for medical and surgical treatment on the basis of IPSS Score, prostate volume, uroflow parameters and patient willingness based on international literature. Statistical Analysis: Inferential Statistics “t”- test; ANOVA was used to find the significant difference between continuous outcome variables. Results: Significant negative correlation of prostate volume (PV) with peak urinary flow rate (PUFR) and post void residual urine was observed. Significant positive correlation of intra-vesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) with PV was observed, simultaneously significant negative correlation was present between IPP and PUFR. Negative correlation was noted between IPSS score and PUFR, however we found a weak positive correlations of IPSS score with PV and IPP. More significant improvement was noted in patients with IPP > 10 mm and treated surgically. Conclusion: Both medical therapy and surgical treatment are effective in management of BEP as they improve the patient’s quality of life in terms of improving  their PUFR and IPSS Score.

Keywords: Prostate Volume; Correlation; Post Void Residual Urine. 

Vesical calculus accounts for nearly 5% of urinary system calculus. Of these, jackstone constitutes a rare entity. Jackstones are stones that have a specific appearance resembling child’s toy. They consist of a dense central core and radiating spicules. Usually described in urinary bladder and rarely upper urinary tract, they are light brown with dark patches and an irregular shape. We here report multiple cases of jackstone from our hospital situated in hilly areas of Nashik district of Maharashtra, India and point out the possible reasons of their higher occurrence inspite of the rarity of the jackstone.

Keywords: Jackstone; Bladder Stone; Vesical Stone; Cystolithotripsy. 

Background: The prevalence of nondiabetic renal disease (NDRD) in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common worldwide, however, data from India is limited. Methods: This study included subjects of T2DM who underwent renal biopsy with suspicion of NDRD from September 2009 to August 2016. Results: Seventy-one subjects (males: 47 [66.2%] and females:24 [33.8%]) of T2DM with mean age and standard deviation (SD) of 52.93±12.56 years were included in the study. The indications for renal biopsy included acute on chronic renal failure (ACRF) in 35.2% (25), nephrotic syndrome (NS) in 31% (22), acute renal failure (ARF) in 14.1% (10), nephritic syndrome in 14.1% (10) and others in 5.6% (4) of subjects. The prevalence rates of NDRD, diabetic nephropathy (DN) and DN with NDRD were 50.71 (36), 28.16 (20) and 21.13% (15) respectively. Among the subjects with NDRD, 69.44% (25) had primary glomerular diseases (PGDs), 16.67% (6) had tubulointerstitial diseases (TIDs) and 13.89% (5) had secondary glomerular diseases (SGDs). The IgA nephropathy (IgAN) was the commonest of the PGDs affecting 28% (7) followed by post-infective glomerulonephritis (PIGN) in 20% (5), membranous nephropathy (MN) in 16% (4), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 12% (3) and miscellaneous lesions in 24% (10). The acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) and primary amyloidosis were the commonest of TIDs and SGDs respectively. Among the patients with combination of DN with NDRD, 53.33% (8) were TIDs and 46.67% (7) had glomerular diseases. The acute tubular injury/necrosis (ATN) and PIGN were the commonest of TIDs and glomerular disease respectively. The figures in brackets representing number of patients. Conclusions: Majority of the subjects with T2DM had NDRD either alone or in combination with DN in the study, underlining the utility of renal biopsy for their diagnoses in those with appropriate indication. Wide spectrum of PGDs, TIDs and SGDs were found in the study.

Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Non-Diabetic Renal Disease; Diabetic Nephropathy.