RFP Journal of Hospital Administration

Evaluation is the one of the most troublesome area in education. Written examination is the most widely used method of evaluation and assessment. Most of the times questions are prepared just before the examination and are bypassing the quality check, Which may lead to confusion or misinterpretation of the questions by the students. This article focuses at providing the guidelines and a scientific method of preparing a good question paper to improve the quality of evaluation and assessment of students.

Key words: Evaluation; Examination; Assessment; Question Paper; Quality, Guidelines.
 

Large family of Corona Viruses (CoV) includes viruses which cause Common Cold, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) etc. A new Corona Virus has been identified which causes severe respiratory symptoms. The virus which was not identified as a human pathogen till December of 2019 has reportedly caused pandemic in more than 100 countries across the world. This virus has been named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or abbreviated as “SARS-CoV-2”. The disease that it is
producing is named “Coronavirus Disease 2019” or COVID-19 and the viral strain is termed as nCoV. COVID-19 pandemic break out has created chaos among all societies over the globe, as well as in India. Due to its sudden emergence of this disease there is no standard prescribed methodology for its treatment, management, prevention and handling the dead bodies of the patients who succumb to COVID-19. There is stigma and confusion in the society for safe disposal of infected deceased bodies and also there is hindrance among the funeral workers while accepting such bodies for last rites. Authors have gone through all the available guidelines and have tried to make a stepwise methodology considering the socio-economic conditions and religious believes prevalent in our country which may help the health professionals and relatives who are dealing with the dead bodies of unfortunate victims of this pandemic.

Key words: COVID-19; Dead Bodies; Methodology
 

In ancient time religion art science architecture were linked in fact the art science architecture were tools to spread knowledge and beliefs. The hospital itself have covered a journey from temples to bimaritans to modern day hospitals. Hence this supports the fact that the modern hospital setup has religious roots. However the modern health definition advocated a complete physical and mental wellbeing not merely absence of disease and supports the physiological and psychological part. Hence this approach an extension of union therapy imitative tries to integrate the architectural colour and art with the medical and treatment aspect as advocated in past or followed in alternative medicine to improve health outcome.
 

The quality rendering hospitals means services are safe, effective and patient centered. According to WHO any quality concerned means Health services should be timely, equitable, integrated and efficient. Hospital recognizes process management accessible, acceptable, and continuous from patients point of view. Patients are the empowered decision makers for any quality process and principles laid by the total quality management gurus. Quality care is interdependent on processes of structural inputs, infrastructural safety measures, Hospital operations
process and measurement, Evidence based patient care, Patient care services judged by the patient, Cost effectiveness, Minimum usage of resources. Dr. Deming, Juran, Ishiwaka, and other scientists of total quality management realistic basic contributions in the industries afterwards applied and practiced science in healthcare since the years begun of 1980. Quality Improvement is a continuous process in a
health care. The five basic Deming Principles out of fourteen
are: 

 The quality improvement is the science and the
management.
 For a quality control in a healthcare, if you
cannot measure it –you cannot improve it.
 Managed care means managing the process of
care, not managing physicians and nurses.
 The right data in the right format, at the right
time, in the right hands.
 Engaging the smart cogs of the health care.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching Hospital, it’s a Descriptive study. The patient population in an Outpatients department, Inpatients department, and Health insurance patients were selected as a sample, Qualitative and Quantitative analysis analyzed for the primary data collected. Result: Patient satisfaction study and Quality management applied science in a tertiary care teaching hospital resulted as “Good” but the errors found in a study will be taken care to reach for “Best” as quality improvement is a continuous process in a health care.

Key words: Quality; Health care; Process management; Quality improvement.
 

When a doctor or hospital enters in a contract of treating a patient with informed consent and due to whatever may be the reason s/he or his/her legal heirs do not want to continue further treatment with that doctor or hospital and want a discharge even in a life threatening condition of patient, the Doctrine of Informed Refusal is evoked. The role of doctor to treat his patient starts with valid consent and gets terminated with the valid refusal, hence keeping in view the right of the patient or his/her legal heirs to take autonomous decision for the treatment, the doctor has no right rather than to accept their choice and it must be documented as Informed Refusal or denial for treatment with one or two independent witnesses. The patient should be discharged with appropriate medical advice which may be Intravenous drip, use of Ventilator and assistance of doctorin safe transport of patient by road or air to the place or hospital of their choice.

Key words: Patient; Consent; Informed Refusal.
 

Introduction: Due to frequent and prolonged contact, Nursing staff are being identified as a potential risk group for the HIV/AIDS spread. To
reduce the transmission, adequate knowledge about the disease and practice of safety measures are of great importance. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, risk perception and practice of nursing staff towards HIV/AIDS patients. Methodology: The study was conducted from November 2019 to January 2020 in three tertiary health care institute in New Delhi. A total of 250 nurses were included and provided with a predesigned pretested questionnaire. Result: 86% of respondents correctly know that HIV is the agent that causes AIDS. 94% of the respondents know about spread of HIV via different modes of sexual contact. 96% nurses know that an accidental needle stick injury in the workplace can also transmit AIDS. Only 6.8% of the nurses believed that the AIDS patients should be isolated from the community because of their illness. 97% of nurses believed that HIV patients have right to the same quality of care & respect as other patients. 53% of nurses never recap needle, 62% of nurses always wipe any blood spills, 8% of nurse never put used needle in sharp container. Conclusion: Periodic
training for HIV/AIDS should be made compulsory for all nurses related to different aspects of HIV. Such training should include both theoretical knowledge & practical demonstration and should be followed by evaluation process. The study focuses on the need to train the nursing staff and ensure better patient care in the hospital.

Key words: HIV/AIDS; Nursing staff; Knowledge; Attitude; Risk Perception; Practice; Training.
 

Dr. Christian Sinclair, Medical Director of the Providence Medical Centre Palliative Care Team, Kansas defined Medical Prognostication as “a prediction of future medical outcomes of a treatment or a disease course based on medical knowledge”. Some confuse it with ‘fortune telling’. But it is actually fore seeing or foretelling and not talking on behalf of God as the future events are neither created by doctors nor is there a divine angle to it. Of the three main pillars of clinical medicine - diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, the most difficult and unfortunately most neglected is prognosis. Several prediction tools and indices are available but it is important to remember the prognostication triad (disease factors, extraneous factors and treatment modalities available) for proper application of these mathematical tools. Formulating accurate predictions and communicating them effectively can not only help patient and his family to take judicious decisions especially in emergency situation and end of life care but also reduce the miscommunication which is often a reason for dissatisfaction among the patient. Prognostication is a dying art, a lost skill and what Hippocrates had written in 400 BC “Declare the past, diagnose the present, foretell the future; practice these arts” is the need of the hour. The skill needs
to be understood, learnt and practised in order to master it.

Key words: Art of Medicine; Prediction tools; Prognostication.
 

When there is an incidence of crime or suspected crime in the form of scuffle, body harm, accident, homicide, resulting into simple, grievous, dangerous injury, or death of human being it become a subject matter of criminal investigation and is treated as medico legal case or in very common word a police case. The legal investigation begins with when, where, how this happened and who are the accused and the priority of the investigator any responsible citizen who are at the scene of incident is to transfer the injured to the nearest suitable hospital. In accordance with Section 39 of Criminal Procedure Code of India it is legal duty of the treating doctor to inform the nearest police station as soon as he/ she completes his primary care. The idea is the earliest legal proceeding so that the maximum evidences could be collected by the police officer as well as minimum destruction of evidences, site of occurrence, could be possible knowingly or unknowingly by any party. The duty of the attending doctor is to record all the injuries, its dimension as far as possible, and the body parts where the injuries are located the nature of injury whether simple or grievous, caused by sharp/blunt object, age or duration of injury and with other vital parameters of the patient, so that specific answers may be given for legal investigation and to book a case under law of land. 

Keywords: Grievous Hurt; Dangerous Weapon; Endangering life; Forensic Expert; Medicolegal opinion.