RFP Indian Journal of Hospital Infection

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a connective tissue disease whose etiology is unknown and it predominantly affects women of childbearing age. We report a case of male SLE with puffiness of face and mild pedal edema and mild yellowish discoloration of eyes. After exclusion of all causes of hepatitis all evaluations were used to establish a diagnosis of SLE. It is a great challenge to diagnose SLE among males as it has lower prevalence. Therefore, as primary care doctors, we need to have a high suspicion of SLEeven in male. Thus, early treatment may help patients to prevent complications and improve their quality of life.
 

Viruses have profoundly shaped human history, presenting unique challenges and farreaching impacts on society. This article explores the multifaceted roles viruses play in the modern world, from their influence on public health to their implications for global economies, ecosystems, and technological innovation.The article delves into the evolving threats of viral pandemics, the emergence of new pathogens, and the role of climate change and globalization in facilitating their spread.It also highlights advancements in virology, such as vaccine development and antiviral therapies, alongside the ethical, social, and economic dilemmas these advancements introduce. By examining the interplay between viruses and society, this article underscores the critical need for robust preparedness, interdisciplinary research, and global collaboration to mitigate the risks and harness the opportunities presented by viral phenomena in our interconnected world.
 

Background: Biofilms are communities of microcolonies of bacteria or fungi and exopolymeric matrix. They render the cells refractory to antibiotics and also shield them from the immune system. There are many methods to detect biofilms in vivo and in vitro.  Aim: To collate available information about bacterial and fungal biofilms. Objectives: To search available information from scientific literature. Material: Thorough literature search using MeSH ( Medical subject headings) terms. Result: Many methods are documented for detecting bacterial and fungal biofilms. Biofilm progression is via many stages and many methods are three to control biofilm formation. Conclusion: Biofilms render microbes drug resistant and efforts should be made to prevent and control their formation. Biofilms are communities of microcolonies of bacteria or fungi and exopolymeric matrix. They render the cells refractory to antibiotics and also shield them from the immune system. There are many methods to detect biofilms in vivo and in vitro.

Wound dimensions can be measured using various methods, including photographs, comparisons, rulers, or grids. Modern smartphones, equipped with high-quality cameras, are now more accessible and affordable, offering new opportunities in medical applications. Specialized smartphone apps have contributed numerous benefits in healthcare, particularly for wound measurement. One such app, Imitomeasure, has been developed specifically to measure wound dimensions without direct contact. This non-contact approach reduces the risk of infection compared to traditional methods using rulers or tape. Studies assessing the effectiveness of Imitomeasure have shown it to be highly effective for measuring wound dimensions. In this research, the wound size on the scalp was measured using the Imitomeasure app on a smartphone