Journal of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology

Mustard oil, derived from Brassica plant seeds, is a common culinary and medicinal oil known for its unique chemical composition, including fatty acids such as erucic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid. However, its widespread adulteration with cheaper oils, like sesame and argemone oil, has raised concerns regarding its quality and safety. This study aimed to detect adulteration in mustard oil samples collected from grocery shops in Kanpur City, India, and evaluate the presence of common adulterants using chemical tests. The primary objective was to identify and quantify the adulteration of mustard oil with sesame and argemone oil using qualitative chemical methods, thereby assessing the purity and safety of mustard oil available in the local market. Six mustard oil samples (MO1-MO6) were collected from different grocery stores in Kanpur city. Chemical reagents used for the tests included nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and furfural. The pH of most mustard oil samples deviated from the expected range of 5-6, suggesting possible adulteration. The Baudouin test confirmed the presence of sesame oil in five out of six samples, while the argemone test identified argemone oil adulteration in three samples based on color changes. The study highlights significant adulteration in mustard oil sold in Kanpur City, with sesame and argemone oils being the most common adulterants. The findings underscore the need for stronger regulatory measures and increased consumer awareness to ensure the safety and quality of mustard oil.

Juvenile delinquency is a growing concern in India and worldwide, with increasing involvement of youth in serious crimes such as murder, theft, kidnapping, and sexual offenses. Events like the December 2012 Nirbhaya case have ignited debates on the leniency of juvenile justice systems in addressing severe crimes. Dermatoglyphics, the study of fingerprint patterns, offers a scientific method to analyze innate traits such as personality, criminal propensity, and psychological tendencies. This study explores the association between dermatoglyphic markers and psychological factors contributing to juvenile delinquency, particularly among adolescents in the rural and urban populations of Delhi. By integrating insights from dermatoglyphic research with an understanding of environmental influences, the study aims to establish a comprehensive framework for predicting and addressing criminal behavior. This review underscores the potential of dermatoglyphics in behavioral profiling, early intervention, and rehabilitation strategies within the juvenile justice system.

Date rape drugs (DRDs) are particularly toxic for the reason of their quick metabolism and covert administration. The detection and elimination of date rape drugs (DRDs) is crucial for preventing drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA). This study compares and contrasts the most current developments in identifying DRD metabolites.The present research offers an in-depth examination of analytical advancements for the identification of DRD metabolites in urine and blood samples. With an emphasis on medications such as ketamine, flunitrazepam (Rohypnol), and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), we looked into the metabolic pathways and detection windows of these chemicals. The urine samples may not provide the same level of immediateness as blood samples when it comes to acute forensic examination, even though they offer longer detection periods because of slower metabolite excretion. On the other hand, blood samples are more accurate just after drug administration, which makes them essential for quick forensic analysis. This review research expands knowledge of DRD detection by offering a thorough evaluation of the accuracy of different analytical approaches in distinct biological matrices. It promotes the use of a dual-sample strategy to enhance forensic investigations and aid in the prosecution of DFSA cases by utilizing the advantages of both blood and urine examinations.

Mothballs, commonly used for household pest control, contain toxic substances that pose significant health risks, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly with dementia, and pets. The primary chemicals in mothballs—naphthalene, paradichlorobenzene, and camphor are volatile compounds capable of causing a range of toxic effects, from mild gastrointestinal disturbances to severe hemolytic anemia, liver damage, and seizures. Despite their widespread use, awareness regarding the investigation, diagnosis, and management of mothball poisoning remains insufficient. This article presents a comprehensive guide for healthcare professionals on a structured investigative and management approach for suspected mothball poisoning. It outlines key diagnostic tools, including physical tests (such as the floating test), chemical analytical methods (GC-MS, HPLC), and the use of specific flowcharts for investigation. Furthermore, it addresses the toxicokinetic of naphthalene, highlighting its metabolic transformation into toxic metabolites that lead to hemolysis, particularly in individuals with G6PD deficiency. The article also discusses forensic considerations, such as differentiating between mothball types (naphthalene, paradichlorobenzene, and camphor) to ensure appropriate treatment. Emphasis is placed on preventive measures, particularly in households with young children and pets. By integrating physical, chemical, and clinical assessments, healthcare professionals can optimize care and outcomes for individuals affected by mothball poisoning, while raising awareness of the potential hazards of these common household products. Background: Mothballs, widely used as household pest repellents, contain toxic substances that pose risks of poisoning, especially among children, elderly individuals with dementia, and pets due to accidental ingestion or exposure. Naphthalene and paradichlorobenzene, the primary constituents, are volatile and can cause systemic toxicity with varied symptoms ranging from gastrointestinal distress to severe hemolytic anemia and hepatic damage. Despite widespread use, awareness and guidelines for the investigation, diagnosis, and management of mothball poisoning remain limited. This article seeks to outline a structured approach for healthcare professionals, combining physical, chemical, and clinical aspects to ensure comprehensive care and prevention. Aim: To develop a comprehensive algorithm for the investigation, diagnosis, and management of suspected mothball poisoning, integrating physical and chemical analysis, emergency intervention, and preventive measures. Objective: To outline a structured approach for healthcare professionals in investigating, diagnosing, and managing mothball poisoning, with an emphasis on identifying toxic substances (naphthalene, paradichlorobenzene, camphor) and providing effective treatment, while promoting preventive strategies. Conclusion: The proposed algorithm provides a systematic approach for investigating and managing suspected mothball poisoning cases. By integrating physical examination, chemical analysis, and emergency management protocols, it serves as a valuable tool for clinicians. Additionally, recommended preventive measures can significantly reduce accidental exposures. Future studies should validate this algorithm in clinical settings to enhance its effectiveness and adaptability.