International Physiology

 Every year around the globe more than 1.2 million people die in road accidents. Nearly half of the people killed are pedestrians, cyclist and bikers. The traffic accident situation in Kolkata is really alarming with significant loss of lives and vehicle damages. It is expected to continue if proper corrective measures are not taken. This paper presents the scenario of pedestrians killed in traffic accidents in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Data on accidents were collected for the period (2005–2013). It was found that a total of 26,803 accident cases were registered with 24,807 victims among whom 16,565 were pedestrians. Therefore, some safety measures should be considered to improve the situation. These casualties will increase if action is not taken. Roads are getting more congested by different sorts of vehicles around the world. Although these vehicles support economic and social growth, it can also cause harm unless safety is considered a priority. Particularly pedestrians, cyclists and bikers are at risk. Innovations should be implemented along with enforcement of new laws to abide by traffic laws in order to save lives.

 Background: Asphyxia is the condition of increased PCO2 and decreased PO2 in blood. It is of general opinion that carbondioxide excess and oxygen lack stimulate the hypothalamus and as a result activate the sympathetic system causing sympatho-adrenal discharge  has described that the activation of the sympathy-oadrenal system depends on an intact brain stem and spinal cord, although there is probably some direct action of CO2 on the adrenal medulla. Thus, the effect of asphyxia on the hypothalamus and medullary vasomotor centre directly or indirectly through chemo-receptors is the increased systemic pressor response and renal functions due to increased sympatho-adrenal activity. Aims and Objective: In the present study, try to find out the role of spinal centre in asphyxia and asphyxia with nicotine (drip) condition at the time of hypertension and urine flow. Methods: Experimental asphyxia (40 to 90 seconds) was done after tracheostomy and nicotine drip (8–10 drop/min) used intravenously through femoral vein. The spinal cord was opened by laminectomy at the level of C7–C8. Both ends of the opened spinal cord was tied by cotton thread and then sectioned when needed. Results: In such spinal animals asphyxia failed to alter the blood pressures both in control and nicotinised animals. But the changes in urine flow in such animals; the diuresis is partially counteracted whereas the antidiuresis is slightly but significantly augmented in comparison to the control. Conclusion: Therefore, from the above observations of the present study, it may be argued that asphyxia and asphyxia with nicotine (drip) act through supraspinal centers for the alterations in blood pressure and urine flow.

Keywords: Health; MSD; Posture Analysis; RULA; Welding. 

Key words: Correlation Ratio; Measure of Predictability; AMS Classification: 62H, 62P. 

Keyword:  Body Composition; Cardiovascular Disease; Health Problems; Exercise; Fat Deposition. 

 Noise induced hearing loss, a permanent bilateral hearing impairment, represents one of the most common occupational disease. It is caused by sustained, repeated exposure to excessive sound levels. A study has been conducted to assess the impact of occupational noise, if any, on hearing status of human resources occupationally engaged in organized sector industry. Individuals working for at least a period of 5 years were approached. 45 consenting male human resources, aged between 31–40 years, working in different departments constituted the exposed group (EG). 51 male human resources were randomly selected from the same age group but working in the administrative office of the same sector to constitute the control group (CG).  Results indicated that 68.6 % EG individuals and 16.2% of CG individuals had bilateral hearing impairment. From the present study it may be concluded that, the EG individuals are more affected in terms bilateral hearing impairment than that of their CG counterpart.

 Obesity being associated with several risk factors increases the morbidity and mortality rate, which in turn increases the health care cost. Hence to combat this challenge it requires immediate public health intervention. On the other hand regular exercise in the form of dancing plays an important role in maintaining good health. In this backdrop the present study aims to assess the impact of Kathak dancing on adult female individuals of Kolkata. 

Keywords: Human Resources; Job Stress; Anthropometry; Check lists; Obesity. 

Keywords: Menarche; BMI; Adolescence; Obesity. 

Keywords: Lifestyle Disorder; T2DM; Upper Body Obesity; Anthropometry; Bharatnatyam.