International Journal of Political Science

In traditional sense, which means in the days gone by, the foreign policies of the countries where retracted to territorial security war and peace. This, in a way, was almost unidinmensional. As the needs and requirements changed with the time the multidimensional foreign policy emerged. Thus, foreign policy’s surge from limited scope to unbounded scope is a realistic thing in the historical perspective and thus course of foreign policy continued to exist on the perennial basis. The constantly waxing civilization and its gallop from, as said above, to the current phase based on time needs requirements and the national interest the foreign policy agent variegated shapes and dimensions. However, the foreign policy can never be statistic but subject to constant changes in the global environment widened its base inhering the requisite national interest amidst challenges. It is in this context Indian’s foreign policy in the 21st century will have multifaceted challenges. The most potential challenges ahead in the way of India’s foreign policy in (21st century) are numerous. To mention few, the ethnic conflicts refugee problem, the challenges associated with strategic, defense, trade, software, hardware segment, nationalism, territorial integrity, population growth, territorial waters including the rivers flown across India, china and Pakistan, unstable pak political dispensation, the resurgence of fundamentalism, belligerent expansive policy of china, cino-pak entanglement, food security, resource crunch, climate change, environmental degradation, cross border terrorism, inter and intra communal heartedness leading to international conflicts and so and so forth. These are the demonic challenges that India could grapple with in the 21st century. India therefore has to move meticulously with clear cut perception of its foreign policy and also has to display it’s sagacity with deeipherence and discernment of the global situation. This paper would throw light on these issues through discussion and analysis in detail in the perspective of 21st century India’s foreign policy.

Keywords: India’s Foreign Policy; Territorial Security; International Conflicts. 

Digital technologies are no more a choice but an un-escapable reality of modern society. They have the potential to bring revolutionary improvement in the processes and management of social, political and economic affairs. The ‘Digital India’ programme, launched by the Union Government in 2015 intends to transform India into digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. The e-governance or the use of information technology in the government processes brings speed in operations, enhances storage capacity of documents, improves delivery of government services and ensures transparency and accountability in the administration. E-services provide better delivery of government services to citizens. The ICT happens to be an effective tool of citizen empowerment. In fact, e-governance is a catalytic component of good governance. However, the successful and effective implementation of digital India and e-governance projects in India is faced with many challenges like digital illiteracy, issue of digital divide, lack of adequate funds and infrastructure facilities, problem of cyber security and privacy, and problem of disposal and management of e-waste. Thus, digitalization of India needs careful planning and analysis to address impending challenges and full realization of its potential. 

Keywords: Digital Empowerment; Digital Divide; Cyber Security; E-Governanc; Digital India; E-Waste Management. 

The landmark judgment named as Johar judgment recently laid down by the Supreme Court of India on Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code have obtained different opinions of different people. For some, unnatural offences were never a crime and this ruling will ensure restoration of their fundamental rights to live in their own way and to exercise their likes and wishes. Consensual sex by adults in private was although never a crime, but due to different interpretations of law it was often misused and the adult exercising their choice and indulging in consensual acts in private were often harassed. In this paper, an assessment of the legal aspects of the law as read in India and in few major countries like UK and USA has been carried out. Paper attempts to analyze the judgment and examined its relevancy for LGBT community in the present scenario. 

Keywords: Indian Penal Code; Consensual Sex.

The quality of higher education in India has been discussed in different forms as it is really a matter of grave concern. It is surprising to find that everyone who is interested
and has commented on quality of higher education has very little to offer in the debates on equity. In fact in a country like India both the issues need to be discussed as they are going to influence the quality of life. It is universally recognized that those who are admitted in higher education are academically bright. There is no doubt that those who are intelligent and possess the necessary eligibility conditions alone will be admitted in post-secondary education but higher education in our country consisted of several streams and categories. The present chapter focuses on issue of equity in the Indian higher education. In this connection, this chapter divided into four broad sections which are based on Indian higher education system and its challenges from the point of equity. Section one deals with division of Indian society on social hierarchy. Second Section is focuses on rich and poor, urban and rural setting of higher education. Thirdly, related to the technical, management and technical skills in the markets. And finally the fourth Section is based on equity principles and gap between various socio-economical differences in higher education. 

Keywords: Education; Eocio-Economical Differences; Social Hierarchy.

India have multi spiritual, linguistic communications and impost. India was ne’er monophonic- cultural. In perspective of the invasion of spiritual passionateness and caste trueness into political relation one may inquire whether India is a really secular or a theocratic state. Indian society is like a mighty river federal with many tributaries and the primary watercourse flowing on. Thus, Indian society is very rich, and well known for wisdom and great ideas. Secularism is a significant view of Indian society.

Keywords: Secularism; Monophonic- Cultural; Trueness; Indian Society.