International Journal of Neurology and Neurosurgery

N. A.

Passiflora incarnata is a medicinal herb that belongs to the family Passifloraceae,which has been used traditionally for neurological disorders. The plant consists of phytochemicals which includes flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids and cyanogenic glycosides. From these phytochemicals, C-glycosyl flavonoids particularly vitexinand isovitexin are recognized as key contributors to the regulation of neuronal processes. Laboratory, preclinical and early clinical investigations indicatethat Passiflora incarnata exhibits its therapeutic effects mainly by influencing GABAergic neurotransmission, which supports anxiety-reducing, sedationinducing and neuronal protective effects. The plant has been reported to show medicinal potential as a supportive therapeutic option for disorders such as anxiety disorders, insomnia, depression, epilepsy and post-traumatic stress disorder, while maintaining a acceptable safety and tolerability. Moreover, its antioxidant activity may support neuronal protection by reducing oxidative stress and preserving cellular homoeostasis, suggesting potential importance in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. The presence of diverse phytochemicals in the plant suggests that the plant’s pharmacological effects arise from combined activity rather than depending on a single bioactive compound. Passiflora incarnata serves as potential plant-based candidate with therapeutic benefits in neurological disorders, highlighting the need for further mechanistic studies, clinical studies and standardized phytochemicals analysis to support therapeutic use

Background: Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS) is a rare immune-mediated variant of Guillain-Barré Syndrome characterised by ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. It typically presents following an upper respiratory or gastrointestinal infection and may involve rapid cranial nerve dysfunction, making it an important differential diagnosis in acute neuromuscular weakness. Miller Fisher syndrome can also present with uncommon symptoms such as bulbar involvement, facial and somatic muscle palsies, and micturition disturbance. Anti-GQ1b antibodies are present in most cases of MFS. The diagnosis is based on clinical features supported by electrophysiological and laboratory findings. Early recognition is critical, especially in emergency settings, due to the potential risk of airway compromise and autonomic instability. Treatment includes supportive care and intravenous immunoglobulin. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 23-year-old female who developed progressive difficulty in speaking, swallowing, and drooling of saliva, followed by upper limb weakness. Neurological examination revealed ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, bilateral facial weakness, an absent gag reflex, and upper-limb areflexia without ataxia. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was normal with negative anti-GQ1b antibodies, while nerve conduction studies showed demyelinating polyneuropathy. Based on the clinical presentation and NCS findings, a diagnosis of MFS–GBS overlap syndrome was considered. The patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and other supportive measures, with gradual clinical improvement. Conclusion: This case underscores the diagnostic challenges associated with MFS variants and highlights the need for high clinical suspicion in atypical presentations

Introduction: Capillary hemangiomas, commonly seen in vertebral bodies, are rare in intradural locations. Less than 65 intra spinal (extradural/intradural) capillary hemangiomas have been reported in the literature. We are presenting a case of conus medullaris intramedullary capillary hemangioma. Material and Methods: We present a rare case of intramedullary capillary hemangioma in a 58 year old male patient who presented with paraplegia, bowel and bladder disturbances. The radiological features, surgical treatment, histopathology and a brief review of literature in relation to capillary hemangiomas is also presented. Conclusion: This case is the earliest reported case of intramedullary capillary hemangioma in the conus medullaris. Capillary hemangiomas, though uncommon in this location, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of conus medullaris lesions. Early diagnosis and surgical removal help in achieving a better neurological outcome.