Indian Journal of Cancer Education and Research

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour/Ewing’s sarcoma (PNET/EWS) is an aggressive type of sarcoma. It is second most common sarcoma in the paediatric–young adult age range. However it is extra ordinarily rare primary tumour in the kidney. The clinical presentation of this tumor is not specific, and other renal tumors may present with a similar histologic appearance. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are useful in confirmation of the condition. Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor carries a strikingly dismal prognosis and early metastasis. Lung, liver, bone being common metastatic sites. However we present case of primary Ewing’s Sarcoma with Orbital metastasis which has not been much reported.

Keywords: Extra Osseous Ewing’s Sarcoma; Orbital metastasis
 

This case report describes a rare case of carcinoma gall bladder metastasizing to calverium (skull bone). This is an unusual site of metastasis in a patient of carcinoma gall bladder.

Keywords: Gall Bladder , Calveria Metastasis
 

Metastasis to uterine cervix is a complication of breast cancer that is not commonly known. Detection of cervical metastasis before the diagnosis is even rarer. The present report describes a case of a 50 years old woman who had a large cervical growth mimicking a primary of cervix. However, simultaneously she also presented with bilateral breast lumps of one and half years duration. Histopathological examination of the cervical tumour showed patterns characteristics of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast which was already diagnosed as the primary in the breast. She underwent chemotherapy and achieved good response.

Keywords: Breast cancer; Cervix; Lobular carcinoma; Metastasis.
 

Malignant mixed tumour of the skin is a rare adnexal tumour seen more commonly in females and has propensity to recur locally and present with delayed metastasis. Wide excision is the treatment of choice and final diagnosis is made after histopathological report. We present a case of malignant mixed tumour of forearm in a male.

Keywords: Malignant mixed tumour; Skin; Recurrence.
 

In general, cancer can be broadly defined as an abnormal and uncontrolled proliferation of cells in the body. There are many different treatment modalities for cancer which are being developed and proving to be useful for cancer patients. In this review, the newer treatment options available for cancer treatment have been highlighted so that the healthcare fraternity can have a better understanding of all available treatment options before deciding on the right treatment choice for saving the lives of patients.

Keywords: Proliferation; Modalities; Healthcare fraternity
 

COVID 19 Pandemic started in December 2019, and reached India during March 2020, and caused a panic among cancer patient and oncology health workers. CDC gave few guidelines to continue Radiation Therapy. We followed these guidelines alongwith precautionary measures and treated about 50 pateints per day during Lockdown period. Extreme care and precaution helped us in treating all patients and helped all staff to protect from COVID infection and cancer patient by preventing transmission.

Keywords: Covid-19, Red Zone Hospital
 

Covid 19 emerged as a third pandemic from the corona virus family in this era. The first case was seen around in December 2019 in China and soon it spread to multiple nations and was declared a pandemic on 11th march 2020 by WHO. Cancer patients are more susceptible to infections due to already impaired immune system and tumor load. Around 1500 patients infected with covid 19 admitted at our institute which is a tertiary care centre, of which 8 patients had cancer. The demographic, clinical and hematological data was collected and using descriptive analysis inferences were drawn. Most common malignancy was found to be carcinoma buccal mucosa. One of the most common hematological features was anemia and lymphopenia. Most of the patients were asymptomatic and visited hospital for routine preoperative check up and were found covid 19 positive.

Keywords: Covid 19; Cancer incidence.
 

Purpose: Surface mould brachytherapy in oral cancers particularly, cancer of palate is an indispensible modality in dose escalation of irradiation. It also offers the advantage of high localized dose and shorter treatment time. The rapid dose fall off beyond the source having radioactivity provides with greater tumor control probability and lesser normal tissue complication probability, resulting in higher therapeutic ratio. Image guided brachytherapy has aided in this cause of radiation oncologists. However, to achieve this target the treating oncologist has to overcome many challenges through individualistic approach in treatment of each patient. In this article, we are sharing our institutional experiences regarding the challenges faced in treatment of carcinoma palate surface mould brachytherapy and possible solutions to overcome these challenges. Materials and Methods: Five patients of squamous cell carcinoma palate (T2-3, N0) who attended our institute were included in our study for radical treatment by irradiation. All patients were given a dose of 50 Gray (Gy) in 25 fractions (#) by external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Then assessment was done by a team of radiation oncologist, medical physicist and prosthodontist for feasibility of boost by preparation of surface mould brachytherapy. The challenges faced were noted and improvisations were done as needed. Conclusion: Surface mould brachytherapy has created its special place in optimal care of patients of carcinoma palate. The skills needed to treat the patient by this modality can be always acquired and challenges can be overcome by modifications done keeping in mind the basic brachytherapy principles. The radiation oncologists should offer the patient with this modality with high therapeutic ratio for optimal patient care.

Keywords: Surface mould brachytherapy; Carcinoma palate.
 

Introduction: Most diseases of the breast present as a palpable mass. the accuracy of identification are often accrued by a mixture of surgical tests like physical examination, diagnostic procedure, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and Trucut needle biopsy (TGNB) or core needle biopsy (CNB). FNAC has big in quality and have become the primary initial used procedure when history taking and clinical examination for identification of solid and cystic breast lumps. Methods: Total period three years of FNAC and Trucut biopsy and were compared with tissue identification. Variables like age, legal status, duration, size, expelling standing and web site were analyzed using applied math
analysis. Results: In our study of eighty patients presenting to our institute throughout such as amount with clinical suspicion of malignant neoplastic disease breast, the sensitivity, specificity, positive prognostic price and also the negative prognostic price of FNAC in diagnosing the carcinoma is eighty five. 7%, 100%, 100% & 21.4% severally. The sensitivity, specificity, positive prognostic price and also the negative prognostic price of true cut diagnostic assay in designation the carcinoma is 89.6%, 100%, 100% & 27.3%. There have been seventy nine (98.75%) females and one (1.25%) males within the study. Within the study, axillary lymphoid tissue involvement is 57.5%. Majority thirty two (40%) of the patients had bestowed with lump within the higher outer quadrant of the breast. Conclusions: Results of our study demonstrated FNAC & Tru-cut assay were useful in confirmation of identification with diagnostic accuracy of Tru-cut being over FNAC. Most patients with malignant neoplastic disease breast underwent MRM with post operative chemoradiotherapy with advanced stages requiring neoadjuvant medical aid.

Keywords: Breast lump; FNAC; Mammography; Malignancy; Trucut biopsy; Tissue diagnosis.
 

Introduction: There are many imaging methods with the help of which lymph nodes can be seen. Among all these techniques ultrasound has remain the most useful which help not only to detect local disease in the breast but also evaluate draining regional lymph nodes.It is usually difficult to differentiate the benign reactive changes and early signs of metastatic disease in breast. This may result in “suspicious“ lymph node.Ultrasonographical examination of suspicious or metastatic – appearing axillary lymph nodes if followed by fine needle aspiration gives a more accurate diagnosis of disease compared to sonography alone. Aim: To assess the role of preoperative ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration cytology to diagnose axillary metastases in early breast cancer. Materials ans Methods: A prospective analytical study was conducted at Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi. 60 patients admitted in Surgical Oncology wards from May 2013 till May 2015 with diagnosis of early Breast carcinoma were enrolled in the study. Preoperative ultrasonography with subsequent FNAC in patients with
suspicious axillary lymph nodes was performed. All patients underwent surgery and followed by a level 2 axillary dissection. The axillary lymph node status was first determined by Ultrasound-guided FNAC in the preliminary staging process. This was compared with the final status of histopathological examination of the axillary lymph nodes that were removed in the axillary dissection. Results: Suspicious lymph nodes were found in 50% of women who were enrolled the study. Of these 30 suspicious nodes that underwent FNAC, 60% of women were having metastatic disease. The sensitivity of US-FNAC was 75% and specificity was 100% with PPV and NPV 100% and 85.7% respectively. Conclusion: Ultrasound guided FNAC has a decent sensitivity and a near perfect specificity to diagnose metastatic nodes in early breast cancer patients.

Keywords: Ultrasonography guided FNAC; Breast CA; Regional lymph nodes.