Indian Journal of Cancer Education and Research

 Orbital metastasis is very infrequent in breast cancer; more so as an initial and sole presenting feature. The authors report a case of orbital metastasis of occult breast carcinoma in a 46­year­old woman, who presented with restricted eye movement and right orbital swelling in June 2015. A biopsy from the orbital mass was suggestive of neoplastic etiology (metastatic adenocarcinoma). Following this a breast lump was identified in July 2015 which was suggestive of invasive micropapillary carcinoma.

Keywords: Orbital Metastasis; Breast Cancer; Metastatic Adenocarcinoma.

 Mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) are malignant epithelial neoplasms that usually originate in the salivary glands. MEC mainly occurs in the parotid gland. MEC of minor salivary gland origin in children and adolescents have rarely been reported. It shows a variety of biological behaviors and variable natural history. Here we are reporting a case of MEC in a young male adolescent in the region of palate.

Keywords: Intermediate Cells; Mucous Cells; Palate; Salivary Gland.

 Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed during pregnancy. Abnormal bleeding is the most common symptom followed by abnormal cervicovaginal cytologic tests in asymptomatic patients. Screening for cervical cancer is an important component of prenatal care. Many consensus guidelines recommend that all pregnant women undergo a Pap test at the time of their first prenatal checkup. Most of the patients with cervical cancer diagnosed during pregnancy (approximately 75%) have stage I tumors. Tumor size (stage) and nodal stage are important considerations for management of early stage carcinoma of cervix. Management is individualized based on tumor size and stage, patient age, trimester of pregnancy and desires of the patient (or couple) regarding the pregnancy. This article reviews the challenges and issues pertaining to cervical cancer in pregnancy.

Keywords: Cervix; Pregnancy; Cancer; Radiation.

 American association for cancer education [2] had emphasized the role of structured educational programs for medical students and residents in primary care specialties in order to improve palliative oncology education. Dissatisfaction with the conventional methods of clinical assessment on the part of teachers and students led assessors to search for appropriate alternatives and in 1975, Harden and his colleagues introduced the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). OSCE was introduced as a standardized tool for objectively assessing clinical competencies ­ including history­taking, physical examination, communication skills, data interpretation etc. It consists of a circuit of stations connected in series, with each station devoted to assessment of a particular competency using predetermined guidelines or checklists. The Structured Clinical Instruction Module (SCIM) modifies the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) for teaching purposes. The objective of this review is to provide a focused update on the status and applicability of SCIM and OSCE in cancer for educational use in palliative care. From the 12 studies which were on OSCE and 6 studies which were on SCIM, it appears that the two competency­based evaluation methodologies used in cancer education namely the OSCE and SCIM, are well validated and reliably used across settings and samples of students, practitioners and patients. Future studies in Indian palliative care settings are warranted prior to extrapolation of existing evidence.

Keywords: Cancer Education; Structured Instruction; Clinical Skills; Objective Evaluation; Teaching­Learning.

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