AbstractDiphtheria is an acute disease caused by exotoxin-producing Corynebacterium. Globallydiphtheria is showing a declining trend due to Childhood Vaccination to door in villages and urban areas. Our India is contributed majorly to it and the global burden of diphtheria is from India. Diphtheria is a potentially fatal infection mostly caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains and occasionally by toxigenic C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis strains.