Background: Cataract is a leading disease with increasing age of visual impairment in and around the Southern part of Rajasthan. Hence, this study was carried out for understanding the type as well as densities of cataract in relation to axial length in cases with myopia in southern part of Rajasthan. Methods: This prospective randomized observational case-control study of 200 eyes in the age group of > 40 years with age-related cataracts was carried out. Myopia subjects with an AXL of > 24.0 mm were taken as cases (n=100 eyes) and subjects with emmetropia with AXL ranging between 21.0–23.99 mm were considered as controls (n = 100 eyes), fulfilling our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: On comparison with emmetropic eyes and myopic eyes, they were associated with an increased prevalence of nuclear (OR: 3.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.72–6.69), but not with cortical (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.68–1.08) and PSC (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.56-1.01). On myopia, there was a significant association between myopia and nuclear cataract (OR: 3.8, 95% CI 2.9–5.2). Subjects between 40–50 years of age, nuclear sclerosis was predominant. Conclusion: Myopic eyes were associated with increased prevalence of nuclear cataract and the density of cataract was also higher in patients with higher axial length. There was significant association between axial length and PSCC (p<0.05).

Keywords: Myopia; Emmetropia; Cataract; Axial Length